The Iberian Crusades VI: The Córdoba Caliphate
The year is 929, the leader of the Umayyad dynasty and Emir of Córdoba Abd-ar-Rahman III declares is independence from the Abbasids in Baghdad and creates the new Córdoba Caliphate.
The new Caliph takes religious, political and military power into his own hands and soon reorganizes the bureaucratic system and the army of the Muslims in Iberia Peninsula.
Abd-ar-Rahman III will rule until his death in 961 and will be replaced by his son Al-Hakam II that will rule until 976. His during both their reigns that the Córdoba Caliphate is most prosperous, thanks to diplomatic and economic relations with the Christians kingdoms in the north, the Berbers tribe in North Africa and France, the Córdoba Caliphate is able to prosper in tumultuous medieval times.
Abd-al-Raman III with his court receiving an embassador
With the death of Al-Hakam II in 976 is son will becomes the new Caliph, Hisham II is only 10 years old when he becomes the most powerful leader in Iberian Peninsula.
Advising Hisham II as the "vizier" (nowadays prime-minister) is Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, also known as Almanzor, he will lead around 50 expeditions to fight internal dissidents and against the Christian Kingdoms.
In his raids, Coimbra is conquered back and some territories are regained by the Caliphate thanks to Almanzor, he also raids and sacks many towns: Santiago of Compostela, Léon, Burgos, Pamplona, Barcelona until he dies in the year 1002.
Caliph Hisham II will rule until the year 1008 when he dies.
Interior of mosque in Córdoba, an example of Ummayad architecture
After Hisham II and Almanzor death, the Córdoba Caliphate will start to crumble, not from outside forces but by internal strifes which will lead to numerous civil wars until the end of the Caliphate in 1031 and the creation of the first Taifas Kingdoms.
Check out past chapters:
The Iberian Crusades: Prologue
The Iberian Crusades: I
The Iberian Crusades: II
The Iberian Crusades: III
The Iberian Crusades: IV
The Iberian Crusades: V
Thanks for sharing @carlosdaniel .
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