Development of psyche, consciousness and personality. Phylogenesis, ontogenesis, anthropogenesis. Development Factors. /part 5/
An important change is the appearance of the speech regions in the cortex of the brain hemisphere. The most important aspect of the transition from an animal psyche to a human consciousness associated with language is the emergence of conceptual logical thinking. In man he is preceded by a concrete, imagined, no-imagined thinking. Primal man has served much more with visual thinking, but it does not follow that it is a characteristic element of human consciousness at that stage. It is important to note that the second signaling system and the abstract-lagical thinking did not arise suddenly, but gradually. The first concepts were limited in volume and content.
But they develop under the influence of the ever-growing practical experience. The first concepts are related to the names of specific objects of everyday life. Against this background, more generalized concepts are formed, covering more objects, phenomena and their properties. This generalization has taken place in the activity of people and its needs. Later, man began to use the letter as an additional means of speech expression. The hand becomes an organ for writing. This creates a qualitatively new leap in the evolution of consciousness. Thus, the written formations of objects of reality gaining universality can be read by many. The letter has a centuries-old history, starting with primitive drawings, hieroglyphs, and advanced writing. The role of the letter for the further development of consciousness today is multifaceted - the chances of wider use of the cognitive and practical experience of other people are expanded. Development of the psyche - ontogenesis - this is equal to the development of mental operations. Piage called the psyche with the term intellect. The principles of intellectual development of personality are adaptation and organization. The development of psyche / thinking / is going on at a stage.
The most important difference between man and animals is that in animals the development of the psyche has proceeded according to the laws of biological evolution, and in man according to the laws of socio - historical development as a result of which the consciousness is formed. The existence of abstract thinking in man, the presence of language and speech, and labor activity, as well as the accompanying human events that accelerate his own awareness, are all prerequisites that lead to the formation of consciousness as a higher form of reflection of reality. In consciousness, it is always approached with knowledge, with the presence of accumulated knowledge that is used by the human being, they are conceived in order to reach the consciousness. Consciousness is characterized by the detachment of the subject from the subject. For consciousness to occur, it is necessary for the subject to separate himself from the object, to see his own self, to judge and to understand himself. Consciousness is also characterized by a definite attitude. The attitude contains an evaluation-volitional and emotional moment that activates consciousness, giving it an active character. Another peculiarity of consciousness is the presence and role of language. When a person speaks and writes, he judges, creates and realizes. The ability of a person to report on the information he receives is a form of expression of consciousness.