Why is Steemit Addicting?! Ludic Loops, Inconsistent Skill Based Rewards, and Other Neuropsychology

in #steemit8 years ago (edited)

Steemit is addicting. This is a fact that many of you have discovered for yourself and have written about at length. However, I noticed something really positive about this new addiction. I feel compelled to write in a way that I haven’t in the past. I’m a neuroscience graduate student, so for me, writing is a really important skill. It forces one to hone their thinking into logical, coherent arguments or narratives, and it is essential for communicating ideas effectively. I’ve often attempted to practice my writing, knowing how important it is, but somehow, I always ended up finding excuses to do other things. Now, I’m excusing myself from other activities so that I have time to write here.

Because you get feedback so immediately through upvotes, it is easy to tell how you’re doing. Despite @isaac.asimov comparing me to Michael Crichton, I’m a bad writer, and I have pitiful blogging rewards on some of my best articles to prove it.

I’m interested in a lot of things and especially neuroscience, but I’m still learning how to turn that body of knowledge and those interests into posts that are beneficial to the community. I’m trying something new today by connecting neuroscience right to steemit.

My hope is that through the quick and frequent feedback, and the addictive writing practice, I will find my niche here in the not-so-distant future. I think that having that niche is the critical component to being successful here. Because of the curation rewards, if your posts are consistently successful, whales will follow you and whale-bots will start automatically upvoting your content. I imagine that this can have a snowball effect. Just look at the midas touch of @gavvet or the super power couple @edgeland and @complexring . These whale-bots have pros and cons for the community. Since it’s a reality right now, I don’t think it hurts my writing to strive to appeal to them because that translates to me appealing to the whole community.

THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT

Once you find your niche, if you want to keep posting about other things, it would be best to start new accounts to do that, although you’re unable to do that right now. You could benefit your curation rewards by consolidating your steempower into one account, but I don’t think that you will benefit as a blogger with multiple interests by having one account. If you can never build more than one account, make sure to refine your content and only post what you think is your best.

Why is Steemit Addicting?

Because it follows the recipe for obsession. Of all of the game features that have been identified by researchers to lead to high levels of engagement and addiction, steemit fulfills most: interaction, multi-user competitiveness and cooperation, rewards, reputation rankings, and the secret formula for repetitive behavior, the “ludic loop”. In fact, all steemit really needs to be the ULTIMATE ADDICTION PLATFORM is improved aesthetics for the interface and an upgradable avatar that levels up with steem power.

Research on ludic loops started in studies of how slot machines can become so addictive. A ludic loop is basically any kind of short, pleasurable feedback loop. One of the draws of successful ludic loops (like slot machines) is the repetitive switching between certainty and uncertainty. Once the uncertainty resolves to certainty, that loop is finished. Sometimes that resolution comes with a reward. Sometimes that reward is high. Sound familiar?

This reinforcement schedule has been known to create compulsive behaviors since the famous behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, was experimenting in the 1950s.

On top of that, a growing sense of mastery is very motivating. Some games, like the famously addictive Candy Crush, engineer an illusion of skill built into the game itself. On steemit, the skill is real (generating awesome content), but there are still random factors influencing the rewards.

On the neuroscience side of things, our love of ludic loops is usually ascribed to the dopaminergic system, which often comes up when you hear about addiction, rewards, and pleasure. There is some evidence that gaming can influence dopamine in the brain, but much more research is needed to resolve what that actually implies. For instance, increased dopamine could be related to learning in general. More recent approaches are modeling addiction to games by looking at differences in connectivity patterns throughout the brain, which is more complex and more likely to produce insights about the brain’s functioning. The truth is that gaming research is still in its infancy, even though some of its core principles are decades old.

The HUGE Potential of Such an Addicting Technology

I’ve recently been thinking about how the steemit platform is a perfect technology for rewarding any positive behaviors. The most obvious application is in encouraging writing itself. I’d love to hear stories from any teachers who assign students to submit essays here. Can you imagine the difference in motivation and quality between turning in an assignment to class or putting it up here and possibly making some cash?! I’m sure that this would have benefited me. First, my motivation would have increased substantially, and secondly, you would have another source of feedback outside of a single teacher to improve your own writing.

Really, the steemit system could be extended to all sorts of rewarding applications. I recently saw an idea for steem.fit by @jpdimensions , where people would be incentivized to be active through steemit rewards. I’ve personally been thinking a lot about how to create really good cognitive training video games, and I think that the steemit reward system could be used as a great way to reward achievement of cognitive training goals.

I’d love to hear your other ideas of how the addicting aspects of steemit could be used to encourage positive behaviors. I can’t wait to see all the cool things that come out of this community.

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It would be interesting to see how the human brain "lights up" during steemit use in new users and people who "catch the bug".

Great article. I think the "addictive" nature of Steemit could become problematic for certain personality types or genotypes.

There is considerable evidence that certain genetic subtypes have greater addictive potential and it may be associated with monoaminergic receptor subtypes of which there can be considerable variation within the population. Not sure if there have been any recent developments in the literature regarding this because there is so much to keep up with these days.

I think I read some years back about a study which showed reduced activation of the nucleus accumbens in those who exhibited addictive personality traits - I think there was some question as to whether this was the result of addictive behaviours (in terms of adaptation) or conversely was implicated in the aetiology of those behaviours themselves.

Anyway I can't remember the exact details and haven't seen any follow up recently although like I said don't keep up as much as I used to do to the huge amount of information coming in on a daily basis in medical sciences.

Sorry went of on bit of a tangent. My point was that there may be subtypes within the population who may become addicted to Steemit in a way that is even more powerful than platforms like Facebook due to the direct financial rewards.

Anyway nice to have you on board:) I look forward to reading more of your writing. Some neuroscience primers for the regular person - as well as commentary on recent research developments would be fantastic.

Great! Thanks for the comment. You're totally right about different sub-populations being more susceptible to addiction than others. I would expect your hypothesis to be true about the financial rewards affecting some people more than others in terms of the addictive potential of Steemit compared to Facebook.

Is there medicine for this? lol

So why is a ludic loop pleasurable? Does completing one and reaching certainty increase dopamine levels, even if there's no reward for that particular loop?

Steemit really does make you want to write! It's amazing. I never focused on getting beyond grammar and mechanics and making my writing enjoyable until now. Writing essays in school was such a chore.

Best of luck finding your niche!

Thanks for the comment! Your writing is super enjoyable, so I'm thankful that steemit has motivated you!

Your question is really good and important.

I don't know of any research that has looked at dopamine level changes for non-rewarding loops. My sense is that the situation is more complex than just a dump of dopamine, though, which I'll go into in a second. To answer the first part of your question, ludic loops are sort of defined as pleasurable; that pleasure derives from achieving rewards sometimes, and the addictive quality is due to the sometimes-ness of the reward.

This observation goes way back to B.F. Skinner, who did some really famous experiments in behavioral psychology. He learned something rather surprising when experimenting with different reinforcement schedules to train pidgeons to do some task (like push a lever). He found that if the pidgeons were rewarded at some random occasions that they pressed the lever, instead of on all occasions, the pidgeons would actually press the levers more often. It became known as a 'variable ratio' reinforcement schedule.

The brain has many interacting nodes that are involved with goal-directed behavior. Parts of this network utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter, which is why dopamine levels may increase when this part of the network is involved. There is some interesting research that points to the possibility the brain circuitry involved in computing causal efficacy of a stimulus to reward might be distinct from the circuitry involved in using that causal information to select a course of action (e.g. Tanaka et al., 2008, Calculating consequences: Brain systems that encode the causal effects of actions). That could create conflict in situations where some information in the brain saying 'Yes this action is causally related to a reward', and another brain area providing feedback saying, 'No, you're wrong. There is no reward.' The behavioral result is to retry when the reward doesn't come, and the frustration you might experience is probably related to that conflict.

Thank you. I appreciate the detailed response, and find this neuroscience stuff fascinating. What modern books on neuroscience and neuropsychology would you recommend, considering that I know a lot of math (M.S. level) but have shoddy knowledge of physics and chemistry?

That could create conflict in situations where some information in the brain saying 'Yes this action is causally related to a reward', and another brain area providing feedback saying, 'No, you're wrong. There is no reward.'

So if this research is correct, a type of cognitive dissonance is hardwired into the brain? Wow.

Interesting article Ben ! I'm a medical student from Belgium and planning to specialise in Neurology in the future. I also think Steemit is a very interesting platform to encourage writing, creativity and creating an interactive environment for everyone who want to share some ideas, knowledge or just fun facts ;)

I am late to this article but it was great. I am following you so in the future when new features are added your article will appear in my news feed =)

Hi! This post has a Flesch-Kincaid grade level of 11.1 and reading ease of 49%. This puts the writing level on par with Michael Crichton and Mitt Romney.

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