Slave Master Shell game definition in Law dictionary's I, do not Understand!/Exposing I.D fraud part 2. Principal Agent Relationships / Is the State the principal?

What does understand mean. Understand imply s comprehension, but means uphold, support or bring forth, to me. So comprehension can be expressed as the ability to identify the characteristics of a thing. Thus if it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, and walks like a duck, one can comprehend that it is a duck. Does one need to up hold that something is a duck. Of course not! Upholding or not won't change the characteristics of the object in question or its basic nature. Thus understanding is proof of intent about what is comprehended. This ability to have knowledge of a thing does not immediately mean one understands the thing in question. Thus the following analogy is basically a comprehension about the claims made within the sources. Whether or not the reader understands is basically up to the reader to decide.

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I have noticed that really the relationship between Principal and Agent has the same characteristics as the shell game played in many markets. One shell game most of us are familiar with is done with three shells and a ball. The ball is placed under a shell and then the shells are quickly shuffled around, until the observer is confused as to which shell the ball is under. Of course the ball isn't under any of the shells and so no matter which shell is picked by the observer they will never pick a shell with a ball under it. So really the shell game is a practice in fraud and deception. So to is all the explanations of Principal and Agent that I have ever run across: seem to me to be a shell game, with more than 3 shells and a ball for distraction.  

A good place to get a quick look at the contract Principal Vs. Agent relationship is chron.com. 

A Definition of Principal Vs. Agent 

 n a principal/agent relationship, the two roles are defined in  relationship to each other. The principal is someone – an individual, a  corporation, a partnership – with the legal authority to make certain  decisions or actions. If the principal empowers someone else to make the  decisions, that person becomes the principal's agent. Agents are  useful, but some agents act in their own interest rather than the  principal's. 

Excerpt from chron.com  sources 

Two important comprehensions about this, is one, that there is a something that is granting authority which is implied and not identified, and two it isn't a living breathing being as Principal. There is no responsible party other than the agent. So in the above shell game analogy the Principal is the ball that is not under any shells. The agent is the real deception in the game as he is the ball that is shown to the observer, but disappears like magic behind all the possible reason why he is not responsible for his action purportedly taken for the benefit of the none existent principal. I think this is why "the two roles are defined in relationship to each other (sources  )", because in truth there is no real relationship or definition.

As soon as a comprehension of what a principal is supposed to be (remember a principal is not of necessity a living being), he disappears behind the protection of what it is not responsible for. This of course happens to the agent at need also. So really these definitions are not definitions, but fraud and deception. I cannot say with proof that the facts point to a criminal element acting as imposter's. No one of reason and conscious is going to comprehend and understand this. 

For this reason alone many reject the obvious. For it is implied that not understanding is a deficiency of the mind of the person who does not understand. One can however comprehend or have knowledge of something and not understand or uphold that very same thing that is comprehended. All that is necessary is to be conscious and know the difference between right action and wrong action thus knowing the difference between truth and deceit. 

Honor requires that comprehension leads to not understanding or upholding what is systemic deception and fraud. Truth requires that the freedom to act be balanced with the responsibility for the consequences.

Thus if there is no living being acting as Principal there is no ability to be held accountable for the consequences of any actions. Which seems to be the point of the so called definitions: that is to remove responsibility from the consequences of any actions by both the principal and the agent. 

I may be wrong about this. There is after all always the chance that I missed something important within the relationships expressed within the Law Dictionary's I have read. However I notice that not only are the definitions not definitions, but that in the shell game analogy the length of not definitions shared can be expressed as the shell and the fact that they are not really defining anything, but separating consequence from the responsible actors makes clear. Law is performed by impostors. Though I think those impostors are slave traders, I don't have any way to prove such, because evidence will be refused and disallowed in court. In @aconsciousness steemit account I write Exposing I.D fraud part 1. Principal Agent Relationships / Is the State the principal? and share:

"What is the (contract) principal defined as According to  Bouvier's Law Dictionary 1856 Edition page 114-116"  

 Source : https://www.nationallibertyalliance.org/books-pdf  

Click the above link and go to the source. On the sources web page  hover over the Education tab, on the drop down menu go to "books", on  the slide over menu go to "books" and click. After the page loads find  Boviers Law 1856 and down load the PDF. 

Below I share the Bouvier's Law Dictionary 1856 Edition page 85-87 so called definition of AGENT, showing both the length shell game and the what can only be described as the master slave relationship as a protection racket performed by impostors, which is the magic in the shell game analogy.

  Source : https://www.nationallibertyalliance.org/books-pdf 

AGENT, contracts. One who undertakes to manage some affair to be transacted for another, by his authority on account of the latter, who is called the principal, and to render an account of it. 2. There are various descriptiona of agents, to whom different appellations are given according to the nature of their employments; as brokers, factors, supercargoes, attorneys, and the like; they are all included in this general term. The authority is created either by deed, by simple writing, by parol, or by mere employment, according to the capacity of the parties, or the nature of the act to be done. It is, therefore, express or implied. Vide Authority.3. It is said to be general or special with reference to its object, i.e., according as it is confined to a single act or is extended to all acts connected with a particular emplowment.

4. With reference to the manner of its execution, it is either limited or unlimited, i. e. the agent is bound by precise instructions, (q. v.) or left to pursue his own discretion. It is the duty of an agent, 1, To perform what he has undertaken in relation to his agency. 2, To use all necessary care. 3, To render an account. Pothier, Tr. du Contrat de Mandat, passim; Paley, Agency, 1 and 2; 1 Livrm. Agency, 2; 1 Suppl. to Ves. Jr. 67, 97, 409; 2 Id. 153, 165, 240; Bac. Abr. Master and Servant, 1; 1 Ves. Jr. R. 317. Vide Smith on Merc. Law, ch. 3, p. 43,. et seq. and the articles Agency,Authority, and Principal.

5. Agents are either joint or several. It is a general rule of ther common law, that when an authority is given to two or more persons to do an act, and there is no several authority given, all the ageuts must concur in doing it, in order to bind the principal. 3 Pick. R. 232; 2 Pick. R. 346; 12 Mass. R. 185; Co. Litt. 49 b, 112 b, 113, and Harg. n. 2; Id. 181 b. 6Pick. R. 198 6 John. R. 39; 5 Barn. & Ald. 628.

6. This rule has been so contrued that when the authority is given jointly and severally to three person, two cannot properly execute it; it must be done by all or by one only. Co. Litt. 181 b; Com. Dig. Attorney, C 11;but if the authority is so worded that it is apparent, the principal intended to give power to either of them, an execution by two will be valid. Co. Litt. 49 b; Dy. R. 62; 5 Barn. & Ald. 628. This rule aplies to private agencies: for, in public agencies an authority executed by a major would be sufficient. 1 Co. Litt. 181b; Com. Dig. Attorney, C 15; Bac. Ab. Authority, C; 1 T. R. 592.

7. The rule in commercial transactions however, is very different; and generally when there are several agents each possesses the whole power. For example, on a consignment of goods for sale to two factors, (whether they are partners or not,) each of them is understood to possess the whole power over the goods for the purposes of the consigment. 3 Wils. R. 94, 114; Story on Ag. 43.

8. As to the persons who are capable of becoming agents, it may be observed, that but few persons are excluded from acting as agents, or from exercising authority delegated to them by others. It is not, therefore, requisite that a person be sui juris, or capable of acting in his own right, in order to be qualified to act for others. Infants, femes covert, persons attainted or outlawed, aliens and other persons incompetent for many purposes, may act as agents for others. Co. Litt. 62; Bac. Ab. Authority, B; Com. Dig. Attorney, C 4; Id. Baron and Feme, P 3; 1 Hill, S. Car. R. 271; 4 Wend. 465; 3 Miss. R. 465; 10 John. R. 114; 3 Watts, 39; 2 S. & R. 197; 1 Pet. R. 170.

9. But in the case of a married woman, it is to be observed, that she cannot be an agent for another when her husband expressly dissents, particularly when he may be rendered liable for her acts. Persons who have clearly no understanding, as idiots and lunatics cannot be agents for others.Story on Ag. 7.

10. There is another class who, though possessing understanding, are incapable of acting as agents for others; these are persons whose duties and characters are incompatible with their obligations to the principal. For example, a person cannot act as agent in buying for another, goods belonging to himself. Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 33 to 38; 2 Ves. Jr. 317.

11. An agent has rights which he can enforce, and is, liable to obligations which he must perform. These will be briefly considered:1. The rights to which agents are entitled, arise from obligations due to them by their principals, or by third persons.

12 – 1. Their rights against their principals are, 1., to receive a just compensation for their services, when faithfully performed, in execution of a lawful agency, unless such services, are entirely gratuitous, or the agreement between the parties repels such a claim; this compensation, usually called a commission, is regulated either by particulaar agreement,or by the usage of trade, or the presumed intention of the parties. 8 Bing. 65; 1 Caines, 349; 2 Caines, 357. 2. To be reimbursed all their just advances, expenses and disbursemnts made in the course of their agency, on account of, or for the benefit of their principal; 2 Liverm. on Ag. 11-23; Story on Ag. 335; Story on Bailm. 196; Smith on Mer. Law, 56; 6 East, 392; and also to be paid interest upon such advances, whenever from the nature of the business, or the usage of trade, or the particular agreement of the parties, it may be fairly presumed to have been stipulated for, or due to the agent. 7 Wend. 315; 3 Binn. 295; 3 Caines, 226; 3 Camp. 467; 15 East, 223. 

13. Besides the personal remedies which an agent has to enfored his claims against his principal for his commissions and, advancements, he has a lien upon the property of the principal in his hand. See Lien, and Story on Ag. 351 to 390. 

14. – 2. The rights of agents against third penons arise, either on contracts made between such third persons and them, or in consequence of torts committed by the latter. 1. The rights of agents against third persons on contracts, are, 1st, when the contract is in writing and made expressly with the agent, and imports to be a contract personally with him, although he may be known to act as an agent; as, for example, when a promissory note is given to the agent as such, for the benefit of his principal, and the promise is to pay the money to the agent, oe nomine. Story on Ag. 393, 394; 8 Mass. 103; see 6 S.& R. 420; 1 Lev. 235; 3 Camp. 320; 5 B.& A. 27. 2d. When the agent is the only known or ostensible pincipal, and therefore, is in contemplation of law, the real contracting party. Story on Ag. 226, 270, 399. As, if an agent sell goods of his principal in his own name, as if he were the owner, he is entitled to sue the buyer in his own name; although his prncipal may also sue. 12 Wend. 413; 5 M.& S. 833. And on the other hand, if he so buy, he may enforce the contract by action. 3d. When, by the usage of trade, the agent is authorized to act as owner, or as a principal contracting party, although his character as agent is known, he may enforce his contract by action. For example, an auctioner, who sells the goods of another may maintain an action for the price, because he has a possession coupled with an interest in the goods, and it is a general rule, that whenever an agent, though known as such, has a special property in the subject-matter of the contract, and not a bare-custody, or when he has acquired an interest, or has a lien upon it, he may sue upon the contract. 2 Esp. R. 493; 1 H. Bl. 81, 84; 6 Wheat. 665; 3 Chit. Com.Law, 10; 3 B. & A. 276. But this right to bring an action by agents is subordinate to the rights of the principal, who may, unless in particular cases, where the agent has a lien, or some other vested right, bring a suit himself, and suspend or extinguish the right of the agent. 7Taunt. 237, 243; 2 Wash. C. C. R. 283. 2. Agents are entitled to actions against third persons for torts committed against them in the course of their agency. 1st. They may maintain actions, of trespass or trover against third persons for any torts or injuries affecting their possession of the goods which they hold as agents. Story on Ag. 414; 13 East, 135; 9 B. & Cressw. 208; 1 Hen. Bl. 81. 2d. When an agent has been induced by the fraud of a third person to sell or buy goods for his principal, and he has sustained loss, he may maintain an action against such third person for such wrongful act, deceit, or fraud. Story on Ag. 415. 

15 – 2. Agents are liable for their acts, 1, to their principals; and 2, to third person.

16. – 1. The liabilities of agents to their principals arise from a violation of their duties and obligations to the principal, by exceeding their authority, by misconduct, or by any negligence or omission, or act by which the principal sustains a loss. 3 B. & Adol. 415; 12 Pick. 328. Agents may become liable for damages and loss under a special contract, contrary to the general usages of trade. They may also become responsible when charging a del credere commission. Story on Ag.234. 

17. – 2. Agents become liable to third persons; 1st, on their contract; 1, when the agent, undertakes to do an act for another, and does not possess a sufficient authority from the principal, and that is unknown to the other party, he will be considered as having acted for himself as a principal. 3 B. 9 Adol. 114. 2. When the agent does not disclose his agency, he will be considered as a principal; 2 Ep. R. 667; 15 East, 62; 12 Ves. 352; 16 Martin's R. 530; and, in the case of agents or factors, acting for merchants in a foreign country, they will be considered liable whether they disclose their principal or not, this being the usage of the trade; Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 248, 373; 1 B.& P. 368; but this presumption may be rebutted by proof of a contrary agreement. 3. The agent will be liable when he expressly, or by implication,incurs a personal responsibility. Story on Ag. 156-159. 4. When the agent makes a contract as such, and there is no other responsible as principal, to whom resort can be had; as, if a man sign a note as "guardian of AB," an infant; in that case neither the infant nor his property will be liable, and the agent alone will be responsible. 5 Mass. 2 99; 6 Mass., 58. 2d.Agents become liable to third persons in regard to torts or wrongs done by them in the course of their agency. A distinction has been made, in relation to third persons, between acts of misfeasance and non-feasance: an agent is, liable for the former, under certain circumstances, but not for the latter; he being responsible for his non-feasance only to his principal. Story on Ag. 309, 310. An agent is liable for misfeasance as to third persons, when, intentionally or ignorantly,he commits a wrong, although authorized by his principal, because no one can lawfully authorize another to commit a wrong upon the rights or property of another. 1 Wils. R. 328; 1 B. & P. 410. 3d. An agent is liable to refund money, when payment to him is void ab initio, so that, the money was never received for the use of his principal, and he is consequently not accountable to the latter for it, if he has not actually paid it over at the time he receives notice of the take. 2 Cowp. 565; 10 Mod. 233; M.& S. 344. But unless "caught with the money in his possession," the agent is not responsible. 2 Moore, 5; 8 Taunt. 136; 9 Bing. 878;7 B.& C. 111; 1 Cowp. 69; 4 Taunt. 198. This last rule is, however,subject to this qualification, that the money shall have been lawfully received by the agent; for if, in receiving it, the agent was a wrongdoer, he will not be exempted from liability by payment to his principal. 1 Campb. 39 6; 8 Bing. 424; 1 T. R. 62; 2 Campb. 122; 1 Selw. N. P. 90, n.; 12 M. & W. 688; 6 A.& Ell. N. S. 280; 1 Taunt. 359; 3 Es p. 153. See Diplomatic agent.

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