仿造到自行设计——国产航母的发展历程（三）

昨天说到在二战之后的冷战时期，只有苏联在他行将就木之前建造出了与美国海军超级甲板相比拟的航空母舰。虽然在很多关键要素上仍然差距巨大，比如采用滑跃甲板，而不是弹射器；采用常规动力，而不是核动力；没有固定翼预警机，因此仍然处于一种不对称的。因此仍然采取不对称的作战思想而装备了巨大的反舰导弹。但是作为完全没有设计建造航母经验的中国来说，不管从建造难度还是实用性方面，这已经是最合适的参考了。不过，在苏联解体的时候，库兹涅佐夫级只有第一艘库兹涅佐夫号建造好了，在海事期间就被俄罗斯水兵以近似兵变的方式抢先一步从从乌克开走了。而此时，他的姐妹舰瓦良格号还留在还未建造完成。因而留在乌克兰尼古拉耶夫造船厂的船台上面。

当然此时乌克兰手上还有一艘更大而且综合作战能力更接近美国航母的在建航母，就是乌里扬洛夫号。这艘航母吨位更大，虽然也采用滑跃起飞，但是装备了弹射器可以起降固定翼预警机。不过这艘船也引起了美国的兴趣。据说有一家中情局为背景的公司，以非常优厚的代价和乌克兰签订合同，将这艘美国之外建造的最接近美国航母战力的航母给拆成废钢铁。在利益的诱惑下，乌克兰当局将布里扬诺夫号完全拆毁，最后拿到了报酬却大幅缩水。这样中国的选择就只剩下瓦良格号了。于是有中国背景的商人，以建造海上赌场为名，将瓦良格号的船体购买下来，这样做显然是避免引起美国的关注。不过，在拖船将瓦良格号的船体拖离黑海，穿过博斯普鲁斯海峡时，还是受到了身为北约国家的土耳其的阻挠。不过通过在外交方面给予好处得以顺利穿过博斯普鲁斯海峡回到中国。

此后，中国就将尚未完工的瓦良格号续建。成为了中国的第一艘航母——辽宁舰没有事。辽宁舰续舰完成之后，中国也算是对航母的设计和建造完成了入门。下一步就是全国产航母的建造，一开始还是想着走自己的路。在消化吸收续舰辽宁舰的基础上，全新设计一艘装备蒸汽弹射的国产航母。当设计方案完成的时候，蒸汽弹射器还没有试制成功。而海军不想让人等装备，于是就按照瓦良格号的设计建造了第二艘航母，也就是第一艘全国产航母。山东舰这艘航母和辽宁舰几乎一模一样，只是在舰岛设计上进行了修改，并且更新了电子设备。山东舰的建造只花了几年的时间，充分展现了中国作为制造业强国的工业实力，反观俄罗斯对库兹涅佐夫号航母的维修工作，仅仅维修工作就拖延至今还无法出干船坞，已经是天壤之别了。当然，俄罗斯时期的苏联时期的航母工业主要集中在乌克兰，俄罗斯分得的工厂和技术资料都不完整。这也是俄罗斯在乌克兰发生颜色革命，将要倒向西方之前入侵乌克兰的一个重要原因吧！他想要拿回这些苏联遗产，完善自己的工业体系。

接下来就是现在海事的这艘装备电磁弹射的一艘完全国内设计国内生产的航母福建建了。除了没有采用核动力之外，采用电磁弹射几乎和美国最新的福特级航母处于同一水平，再次证实了中国世界级工业强国的地位。不过话说回来，航母这个东西毕竟是有些劳民伤财的。在中美两国贸易关系尚紧密的情况下，爆发战争的可能性非常之低的，没有必要造太多。

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Yesterday said that in the Cold War era after World War II, only the Soviet Union built an aircraft carrier comparable to the US Navy's super deck before it was on its deathbed. Although there are still significant gaps in many key elements, such as using ski-jump decks instead of catapults; Conventional power, not nuclear power; There are no fixed-wing AWACS, so they are still in an asymmetrical position. Therefore, it still adopts asymmetrical combat ideology and equiped with huge anti-ship missiles. However, as China has no experience in designing and building aircraft carriers, this is the most appropriate reference in terms of construction difficulty and practicality. However, at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, only the first ship of the Kuznetsov class, Kuznetsov, was built, and was taken away from Ukuk by Russian sailors in a near mutiny during the maritime period. At this time, his sister ship Varyag remained unfinished. It was left on the slipway of the Nikolayev shipyard in Ukraine.

Of course, at this time, Ukraine also has a larger and more comprehensive combat capability closer to the United States aircraft carrier under construction, is the Ulyanov. The carrier has a larger tonnage, and although it also uses a ski-jump takeoff, it is equipped with catapults to take off and land fixed-wing early warning aircraft. But the ship has also attracted interest from the United States. It is said that a CIA-backed company signed a contract with Ukraine at a very good price to dismantle this aircraft carrier, the closest thing to the combat power of an American aircraft carrier built outside the United States, into scrap steel. Lured by profits, the Ukrainian authorities destroyed the Buryanov completely, and finally received a greatly reduced reward. That leaves China with only the Varyag. Chinese-backed businessmen bought the hull of the Varyag in the name of building a maritime casino, apparently to avoid attention from the United States. Still, Turkey, a NATO country, blocked tugboats from pulling the hull of the Varyag away from the Black Sea and through the Bosphorus. But he was able to cross the Bosphorus back to China through diplomatic favors.

Since then, China has continued construction of the unfinished Varyag. It became China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning. After the completion of the continuation of the Liaoning ship, China has also completed the introduction of the design and construction of the aircraft carrier. The next step is the construction of a national aircraft carrier, and at the beginning, I still want to go my own way. On the basis of the digestion and absorption of the continuation ship Liaoning, a new design of a domestic aircraft carrier equipped with steam ejection. When the design was completed, the steam catapult had not yet been tried-out. The Navy did not want to wait for equipment, so it built a second carrier based on Varyag's design, the first national carrier. The Shandong is almost identical to the Liaoning, except for a modified island design and updated electronics. The construction of the Shandong warship took only a few years, fully demonstrating China's industrial strength as a manufacturing power, in contrast to Russia's maintenance work on the Kuznetsov aircraft carrier, only the maintenance work has been delayed so far can not be out of the dry dock, is a world of difference. Of course, Russia's Soviet-era aircraft carrier industry was mainly concentrated in Ukraine, and Russia's share of factories and technical data were incomplete. This is also an important reason why Russia invaded Ukraine before the color revolution happened in Ukraine and was about to fall to the West! He wanted to reclaim this Soviet legacy and improve his industrial system.

Next is the current maritime ship equipped with electromagnetic catapult, a completely domestically designed and domestically produced aircraft carrier. In addition to not using nuclear power, the use of electromagnetic catapults is almost at the same level as the latest US Ford-class aircraft carrier, once again confirming China's status as a world-class industrial power. But then again, the aircraft carrier this thing is after all a bit of labor and money. With trade relations between China and the United States still close, the likelihood of war is very low and there is no need to make too many.