诺兰的大片《奥本海默》观后感（一）

最近把去年的比较有影响的大片《奥本海默》看了，整部影片就是一部人物传记片，没有什么特效。从头到尾都充斥着各式各样的对话，也没有什么动作场面，片长长达三个小时，我是分了好几次才看完的，如果一次看完早就呼呼大睡了。但是请不要搞错了，这些评价并不是说这部影片不好，相反，这是去年好莱坞的影片中屈指可数的几部有意义的影片。是出自代表作有《盗梦空间》、《星际穿越》的大导演诺兰之手。

诺兰这位导演的电影看过一些，他的风格也比较了解，感觉他特别不喜欢常规的顺序叙事。他的大多数影片都是时间线非常混乱，多线交织，如果你不看到最后，根本就理不清整个故事的因果关系，所以他的影片大都被观众称为烧脑。这样的叙事结构，用来讲述《盗梦空间》《星际穿越》还有《天能》这类和时空有关的科幻故事，倒是情有可原。不过他在拍的几部历史作品，比如《敦克尔克》还有这部《奥本海默》，也是采用了这样的多线和打乱时间顺序的叙述方式。应该说这就是这位导演的风格吧。

不过看了很多诺兰电影，可以发现他是一个非常狂热的科学爱好者，大部分影片都是科幻影片，少部分是历史影片。而且他的科幻影片也绝不是像《星球大战》那样天马行空，而是力求与现实中的科学有所关联，做到尽量严谨。比如《星际穿越》就是非常严谨地描绘了黑洞的景象和它的物理性质，让普通观众也能在观影的同时收到一种印象深刻的科学教育。还有《天能》则讨论了热力学第二定律负伤之类的科学概念，而这部《奥本海默》则是将科学和历史结合在一起。虽然影片冗长，场景比较单调，但是如果你对科学感兴趣，对科学史感兴趣，那这部影片绝对是你的菜。当然，它并不仅仅探讨这些，还探讨了更深层次的政治，以及对人类命运的隐喻，对于喜欢思考的人来说，确实是一部电影佳作。

影片应该说是涉及到了奥本海默从青年求学到成为原子弹之父这段生涯的各个方面，但都只是剪影和片段组织在一起的，而且顺序被打得很乱。但是，通过这些生活片段，也将奥本海默的这个人物表现得非常细腻和真实。其实国内也拍过类似反应核武器计划的影片，我在那些影片里面，人物形象还是偏向高大全的，从参与核武器计划的科学家到军方将领，都是一副大公无私，为国鞠躬尽瘁的形象。

而奥本海默这部影片对主角的表现则要角度丰富得多。一开始他是在英国的剑桥学习，而且学习的是实验物理。但是奥本海默更醉心于当时兴起的量子力学的理论，所以在实验方面表现得相当的平庸，甚至笨手笨脚，经常受到同学和导师的嘲弄。这里有一个小细节，可以看出诺兰是真正懂科学的，这在文艺界的大导演之中应该算是非常少见，其中一个镜头就是在剑桥学习的奥本海默，躺在床上思考问题的时候，画面用蒙太奇的方式展现了他的思考内容，就是切入了一幅类似空气中飘动着大量灰尘的画面，一瞬间又切换到另一个充满了各种震动的弦的画面。如果你读过量子力学的科普，对量子力学有一点点了解就知道，这实际上是用图像化的手段展示量子力学的一个重要特性，就是波粒二象性，说明当时奥本海默所思考的都是和自己的专业无关的最前沿的科学发现。

而正巧的是，当时量子力学界的大人物发现原子的轨道能级，提出新的原子模型的波尔来到剑桥进行学术演讲，大学生们都蜂拥去听这位科学明星的演讲，奥本海默当然也是十分的想去。但是因为他的实验操作一团糟，没有完成课程，被老被导师刁难，让他必须待在实验室完成实验，不得去听波尔的演讲。奥本海默一气之下将有毒的实验物质用针管注射进导师放在讲台上的苹果，想要下毒毒害导师，然后就自顾自的去跑去听波尔的演讲。并且在演讲中向波尔提问，结果他的提问引起了波尔的注意。第二天，波尔就去实验室找到他的导师了解奥本海默的情况，因为波尔发现在他那次演讲的众多听众当中，只有奥本海默真正理解了量子论这门令人费解的科学。因此，也只有奥本海默提出了有意义的问题，于是他来向他的导师了解情况，并询问他是否愿意跟他去哥本哈根从事理论研究。奥本海默自然是求之不得，这也是他成为原子弹之父的起点。不过就在他和波尔聊得高兴的时候，波尔顺手拿起了被他注射了有毒物质的毒苹果，准备咬一口的时候，他连忙把苹果抢过来扔进垃圾桶里，说那个苹果已经烂掉了。从这个有趣的情节可以看出，奥本海默是一个聪明绝顶，但是动手能力却不是那么强，而且非常有个性的，以自我为中心的人，将他的性格在刻画得淋漓尽致。

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I recently watched Oppenheimer, last year's more influential blockbuster, and the whole film is a character biopic without special effects. There is a lot of dialogue throughout, there is no action, and the film is three hours long, which I watched several times, if I watched it all at once, I would have fallen asleep. But make no mistake, these reviews do not mean that the film is bad. On the contrary, it is one of the few films that made sense in Hollywood last year. It is from the hands of Nolan, the great director of Inception and Interstellar.

Nolan, who has seen some of the director's films and is familiar with his style, feels that he particularly dislikes conventional sequential storytelling. Most of his films are very confusing time lines, multiple lines interwoven, if you do not see the end, it is impossible to understand the cause and effect of the whole story, so most of his films are called by the audience. Such a narrative structure can be used to tell science fiction stories about time and space like Inception, Interstellar, and Celestials. But several of the historical works he was working on, such as Dunkirk and this one, Oppenheimer, also adopted this multi-line and disorganized chronological narrative. I should say this is the style of the director.

But watching a lot of Nolan's movies, you can find that he is a very fanatical science lover, most of the films are science fiction films, a few are historical films. And his sci-fi films are by no means as fantastical as Star Wars, but strive to be relevant to real science and be as rigorous as possible. Interstellar, for example, is a very rigorous depiction of the black hole scene and its physical properties, so that ordinary viewers can also receive an impressive scientific education while watching the film. While "Celestials" deals with scientific concepts such as the Second Law of thermodynamics, this "Oppenheimer" combines science and history. Although the film is long and the scenes are monotonous, if you are interested in science and the history of science, this film is definitely for you. Of course, it doesn't just explore these, but also explores deeper politics and metaphors for human destiny, which is indeed a good movie for those who like to think.

The film should be said to touch on all aspects of Oppenheimer's career from his youth to becoming the father of the atomic bomb, but it is only organized in silhouette and fragments, and the order is very rough. However, through these fragments of life, Oppenheimer's character is also presented in a very delicate and real way. In fact, China has also made a similar reaction to the nuclear weapons program of the film, I in those films, the characters are still biased towards tall and full, from the scientists involved in the nuclear weapons program to the military generals, are a pair of selfless, dedicated to the image of the country.

Oppenheimer's film, on the other hand, takes a much more varied view of its protagonist. He began his studies in Cambridge, England, studying experimental physics. But Oppenheimer was more obsessed with the emerging theories of quantum mechanics, so he was quite mediocre in experiments, even clumsy, and was often ridiculed by classmates and tutors. There is a small detail here, which can be seen that Nolan really understands science, which is very rare among the great directors in the literary and art world. One of the scenes is Oppenheimer, who studied in Cambridge, lying on the bed thinking about problems, and the picture shows his thinking content in a montage, that is, it cuts into a picture similar to a lot of dust floating in the air. It suddenly cuts to another scene full of vibrating strings. If you have read the science of quantum mechanics and have a little understanding of quantum mechanics, you will know that this is actually the use of graphic means to demonstrate an important feature of quantum mechanics, that is, wave-particle duality, indicating that Oppenheimer's thinking at that time is the most cutting-edge scientific discovery that has nothing to do with his professional.

And it happened that at that time, the great figure in the field of quantum forces discovered the orbital energy level of atoms, and proposed a new atomic model Bohr came to Cambridge to give an academic lecture, college students flocked to listen to the scientific star's speech, and Oppenheimer of course also wanted to go very much. However, because his experimental operation was a mess, he did not complete the course, and was always difficult by the tutor, so he had to stay in the laboratory to complete the experiment, and was not allowed to listen to Pol's speech. In a fit of anger, Oppenheimer injected the toxic experimental substance with a needle into the teacher's apple on the podium, intending to poison the teacher, and then went to listen to Bohr's speech on his own. He asked Bohr a question during his speech, and his question caught Bohr's attention. The next day, Bohr went to the lab to find out about Oppenheimer with his supervisor, because Bohr found that of the many people in the audience who had given his lecture, Oppenheimer was the only one who really understood the puzzling science of quantum theory. Therefore, it was only Oppenheimer who asked meaningful questions, so he came to his mentor to understand the situation and asked him if he would like to go to Copenhagen with him to do theoretical research. Oppenheimer, of course, could not have wished for it, and this was the starting point for him to become the father of the atomic bomb. However, when he and Pol were happy to talk, Pol picked up the poisoned apple that he injected with toxic substances and was ready to bite, he quickly grabbed the apple and threw it into the trash can, saying that the apple had rotted. From this interesting plot, it can be seen that Oppenheimer is a highly intelligent, but not so strong practical ability, and a very personal, self-centered person, who describes his character in the most incisive.