Lesson 5: The structure of the planet Earth (Part 1)

It is a pleasure to be here as your tutor. I hope that the classes are to your liking and that you can learn much more about our home, Planet Earth.

For this fifth lesson, the topic will be the structure of our planet, the Earth.

As ​​we know from previous classes, the Earth is a system, which means, it has a structure. In this case, the planet is made up of various internal and external layers (or geospheres).

Next, the inner layers of the planet will be explained. In the next class, we will concentrate on geospheres or outer layers.

What is known about the interior of the planet is thanks to the Earthquakes. Through these seismic vibrations that develop throughout Planet Earth, experts have discovered that the globe is made up of three concentric zones: the crust, the mantle and the core.

Following an order from the center of the planet, the inner layers are the following:

It is the deepest and hottest layer of Planet Earth. It is integrated by nickel, iron, sulfur and oxygen. It occupies approximately 15% of the volume of the globe.

The core is divided into:

✔️Inner core: It is a sphere with a radius of approximately 1255 km and is completely solid.

✔️Outer core: Surrounds the inner core and is assumed to be in a liquid state.

It is a solid type layer, composed of rocky and solid material, except for the magma areas of volcanoes.

It is made up of two mantles: the exterior, composed of molten materials; and the interior, made of much more solid materials.

Seismic movements develop in it and it is made up of oxygen, magnesium, silicon, among other silicates and minerals.

Unlike the core, the mantle encompasses 84% ​​of the interior structure of Planet Earth.

It is the non-uniform outer shell of the globe. It is integrated by:

✔️The Continental Crust: It is made up of the continents, the continental shelf and the slope. This crust consists of granitic rocks, minerals such as quartz and micas, and chemical elements such as oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, among others.

✔️The Oceanic Crust: It is made up of plains, abyssal trenches, oceanic ridges and volcanic islands. In other words, it is a type of earth's crust that forms the oceans.

Basaltic rocks are the main ones that make up this layer. On the other hand, there are 3 types of oceanic crust:

- 1st layer: Made up of mud and volcanic rocks, with a thickness of 1.5 km.

- 2nd layer: Made up of mafic and mafic-volcanic rocks. It is 1.5 km thick.

- 3rd layer: Made up of ultramafic rocks and a thickness of 5 km.

They are the zones that divide each inner layer of the planet. In them there is a great variation of seismic waves. There are 4 discontinuities, whose names are:

1. Mohorovicic: Discontinuity between the crust and the outer mantle.

2. Goldschmidt: It is located between the outer and inner mantle.

3. Gutenberg: This interface is the one between the lower mantle and the outer core.

4. Lehmann: It is the discontinuity that separates the layers of the nucleus.

🌍Physical book. Mi Planeta Tierra 2. Author: Prof. Jorge Lösch. Salesiana Editorial.

🌍 Oceanic crust

🌍 Characteristics of oceanic crust

🌍 Core of the earth

Make a post containing the following:

1.Briefly explain the internal structure of planet Earth.

2.Make a drawing or diagram where you mark the inner layers of the planet. Can be handcrafted or digital.

3.Explain in your own words what are the discontinuities in the inner layers of the planet.

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