QS Sharing (3) - Role of QS? Contract & Scope, Design Stage | 工料測量/造價工程分享(3) QS的角色? 制定合約,工程大綱和設計階段

pakyeechan (64)in #cn • 7 years ago (edited)

Last time I stated that Taking-off should be totally replaced by the BIM in 5-8 years,
but I do not think QS will be replaced by AI entirely.
Today I wanna first discuss with you about the role of QS in the whole construction process.

上回說到Taking-off 基本上在不久的將來就會被BIM取代了，那QS會成為夕陽行業嗎?
在我看來答案是絕對不會的。
這次先探討一下QS在整個工程所擔任的角色。

合約和工程大綱 Contracts & Scope

First of all you have to clearly understand what the client needs and let him know the consequences behind, this initial step is very crucial, otherwise you may make the wrong decision and consequence can be huge, especially to those non-construction background client, the consultancy firm has to list out all the questions to make sure what the client really needs.

先要了解業主所需，充分理解他要的結果及代價，這一步非常重要,尢其如業主非行內人他未必能準確表達出自己所需，顧問公司必清楚列明問題去了解業主所需從而制定適合他的合約。

This is first rule in making procurement decision -
Time, cost and quality. You can never run a project with the shortest construction period, lowest cost and best quality, you gonna pick two of them. Procurement strategy is the outcome of a series of decisions which are made during the early stages of a project, procurement strategy has a major impact on the timescale and ultimate cost of the project.

A successful strategy is -
one which leads to a completed building which meets the client’s objective.

先要了解業主所需，充分理解他要的結果及代價，這一步非常重要,尢其如業主非行內人他未必能準確表達出自己所需，顧問公司必清楚列明問題去了解業主所需從而制定適合他的合約。
第一步我們必須先取捨時間，金錢，質素。如希望一個工程以最短的時間，最便宜的價錢制造出最高質素的工程是不可能的，因為必須取捨。制定的合約對日後工程的時間及成本發展有著極重要的關係。

緊記成功的計策一定是以滿足客人的要求為前設。

Let me make an example, if a client wants to build in the shortest period of time, together with high quality of works produced, Design and Build is generally the most suitable procurement strategy. As you can see from the above photo, for D&B contract, since we don't have to wait till the final design is completed to start up the tendering process. The Contractor will submit his bid together with his design proposal, thereby the overall project time is shortened. Furthermore, since the design is made by the Contractor, 'buildability' is guaranteed, it is expected to have a better outcome of works than the traditional procurement method. However, the price is always high and hard to be compared between each tenders.

讓我舉一個例子，如業主希望以最短時間建成最優質的工程，一般情況下"設計和建造" (Design & Build)是最適合的。因為以D&B來說，我們不需要等待整個設計完成才進行招標工序，整體建造時間會因而縮短。投標者除了投下價錢外，還需附上設計計劃書，正因為承建商同時擔任設計師的關係，設計會比一般建築師設計的建造性更強，品質亦會較有保證。代價是利是D&B系統的價錢往往會被傳統的偏貴。

Another example is like the majority of the cases, the client might mainly focus on maximising investment value, therefore, competitive price would be put into the highest priority like the below figure. Of course it takes relatively longer time in the tendering stage as we have to wait till the design to be completed.

另一個最常見的例子是客人希望得到最多的回報，這樣的話成本便會是最大的考慮下，另外品質亦要有相對的保證從以確保建成後的收入。當然，整體時間會被前一種方法長，因為招標工序必須等待整個設計完成後才開始進行。

設計 Design

After the architect and structural engineer have completed the design, it will be passed to the QS for preliminary estimation. During that stage, the client may require the designer to amend the design based on the cost. In order to estimate the design, it requires taking-off and estimate. I have discussed about taking-off last time so I will just skip this part. For estimating, it is commonly to use the internal data-base to estimate the construction cost by sorting the similar latest projects, you have to adjust the price by TPI adjustment if the data is too old. After that, the client should have a basic estimation of the project.

當建築師和結槁工程師完成設計之後，設計就會交給QS作初部工程估算。工程估算就如上一回所說，包括到Taking-off & Pricing 數量與定價，Taking-off在上一次已經示範了我就不詳述。在工程初部定價估算時，一般依賴公司內部的數據去作分析，例如找相類似及近期的工程去做背景計算，如工程期相差遠時便需要先調整價格再作定價。

現在，業主就應該在招標前已有基本上的成本預算及設計了。

So I better stop here today and share the remaining with you last time, feel free to leave comments if you have any questions ! 😊 I Hope you enjoy my sharing!

今次就先再這裡停筆了，下一次再跟大家談談第三步 - 招標。
如有問題歡迎留言發問，希望你們喜歡我的分享 :)