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Hello dear steemians, It’s a pleasure to be here again. I want to thank @juichi for verifying my achievement 3. So straight away I will move to my achievement 4 in which I will be demonstrating how I apply markdowns and the type of codes used in applying the markdowns.
I joined this platform with no knowledge of how it function but with the help of @bongk I was brought to light about a lot of things concerning the platform.

I will be demonstrating 5 markdowns I often use in my posts.

what is sputum?

This is a type of mucus which thick and made from the lung Incase of an infection or chronic illness affecting the lungs.

According to Wikipedia,

Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi).

How is sputum collected.?

Sputum is best collected early in the morning into a clean, dry, wide neck, leaked proof container. The container is labeled with patients number for identification before given to the patient.
The patient is expected to stand and also take into consideration that the person hasn’t eaten. Before coughing, the patient should take a deep breath inorder to feel the lungs, the patient should then cough as hard and deep as possible into the sputum collection container.
It is important to note that Sputum should be collected in a well ventilated area to avoid the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Immediately after sputum is collected, it is transported to the lab for examination

SPUTUM EXAMINATION

1. Macroscopy (physical appearance)

With this you report whether the sample collected is purulent, mucopurulent, mucosaluvary, bloody or rusty. This always gives the examiner a clue on what the patient is suffering from and what bacteria he or she is dealing with.
A good sputum for examination should not be made of saliva. Once saliva is in sputum request for another sample.

Below is a table showing the possible pathological conditions as per the appearance of sputum

2. Microscopy

Microscopy examination is done after macroscopy.
This could be by wet preparing of the Sputum or staining of the sputum. And as such various microbes can be examined and various pathological conditions diagnosed.

• Wet Preparation
  A small amount of sputum is transferred to a slide, a drop of saline is added, mixed and covered with a cover slit. Using 10x objective lens, the sample is examined.

• Gram Staining
  This a very long process used to identify the presence of microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and many others.

These are just a few ways by which the sputum sample can be examined in the lab. There are many other ways to go about sputum testing in the lab.

More information about Sputum collection and examination can be gotten from the link below.
Sputum collection

THANKS FOR READING

Cc;
@juichi
@cryptokannon
@inspiracion
@ngoenyi
@bongk