STANDARDIZED REFERENCES [ Word count: 3.000 | Revised: 2018.6.21 ]
Placing a list of references at the bottom of a long text interrupts a smooth reading experience for readers: — it forces them to scroll up and down.
So you want more readers? Yes? Then make your text easier to read.
Each reader has a mental effort budget [BAL13].
Therefore more can afford to read that which costs less to read.
What should be done? That which supports the concise use (and reuse) of each reference. Very much like that which supports the concise use (and reuse) of code. Let's borrow from object oriented programming.
I will link to the latest standardized references list in each text.
Some instructions: right click the link. And then open it in a new tab.
Read the text with the references beside it.
STANDARDIZED REVIEW CODES
What do references rate? Are they recommended? What do I think?
The letters in the review marks are mostly arbitrary. They're selected such that making typos which create a transition from one review mark to another is far less likely. Now at least two typos are required. Either a place typo and a letter typo or else two letter typos.
bp > ix > gd > su > er > pt
⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊
3 > 2 > 1 > 0 > –1 > –2
Only a –2 is properly a bad review. A –1 just means a standard neutral review. It's negative for one reason: — everything has an opportunity cost. — And everything 0, 1, 2, 3 is basically recommended.
NONFICTION: AB: 18
gd [ABE96] Harold ABELSON, Gerald SUSSMAN, Structure and interpretation of computer programs, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1996.
bp [ARB03] Michael ARBIB, The evolving mirror system a neural basis for language readiness, Language evolution, Oxford: University Press, 2003.
bp [ATI06] Michael ATIYAH, The interaction between geometry and physics, The unity of mathematics, Boston: Birhaeuser, 2006.
su [AUM99] Robert AUMANN, Interactive epistemology, 1, 2, International journal of game theory, 28(3):263–300, 301–314, 8.1999.
bp [BAL13] Philip BALLARD, Obliviscence and reminiscence, Cambridge: University Press, 1913.
bp [BAR32] Frederic BARTLETT, Remembering, Cambridge: University Press, 1932.
bp [BEK02] Jacob BEKENSTEIN, Quantum information and quantum black holes, Advances in the interplay between quantum and gravity physics, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002.
bp [BLA39.1] Brand BLANSHARD, The nature of thought, 1, London: Allen Unwin, 1939.
bp [BLA39.2] Brand BLANSHARD, The nature of thought, 2, London: Allen Unwin, 1939.
su [BLA54] Brand BLANSHARD, Philosophical style, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1954.
bp [BOD06.1] Margaret BODEN, Mind as machine a history of cognitive science, 1, Oxford: University Press, 2006.
bp [BOD06.2] Margaret BODEN, Mind as machine a history of cognitive science, 2, Oxford: University Press, 2006.
bp [BOO54] George BOOLE, An investigation of the laws of thought on which are founded the mathematical theories of logic and probabilities, London: Walton Maberly, 1854.
bp [BOO63] George BOOLE, Stanley JEVONS. Letters, 1863 (The correspondence between George Boole and Stanley Jevons, 1863), History and philosophy of logic, 12(1):15--35, 6.1990.
bp [BRO52] Eugene BRODY, Enger ROSVOLD, Influence of prefrontal lobotomy on social interaction in a monkey group, Psychosomatic Medicine, 14(5):406–415, 9.1952(9).
bp [BRO71] Donald BROADBENT, Decision and stress, London: Academic Press, 1971.
bp [BUR69] William BURROUGHS, Entretiens, Paris: Belfond, 1969.
ix [BUR76] William BURROUGHS, Brion GYSIN,* Oeuvre croisee*, Paris: Flammarion, 1976
NONFICTION: C: 6
bp [CHA03] Gregory CHAITIN, From philosophy to program size, Tallinn: University Press, 2003.
bp [CHA15] Nick CHATER, Morten CHRISTIANSEN, Squeezing through the now or never bottleneck, Behavioral and brain sciences, 39(E62):1–19, 4.2015.
bp [CHA16] Nick CHATER, Morten CHRISTIANSEN, Reconnecting language processing, acquisition, change, and structure, Behavioral and brain sciences, 39(E62):46–72, 6.2016.
su [CIP62] Carlo CIPOLLA, The economic history of world population, Baltimore: Penguin, 1962.
gd [CIP65] Carlo CIPOLLA, Guns, sails, and empires, New York: Pantheon, 1965.
bp [COE17] Bob COECKE, Aleks KISSINGER, Picturing quantum processes, Cambridge: University Press, 2017.
NONFICTION: DE: 7
bp [DAR17] G. D'ARIANO, G. CHIRIBELLA, P. PERINOTI, Quantum theory from first principles, Cambridge, University Press, 2017.
[DEN87] Daniel DENNETT, The intentional stance, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1987.
[DEN91] Daniel DENNETT, Consciousness explained, Boston: Little Brown, 1991.
[DEU11] David DEUTSCH, The beginning of infinity, London: Lane, 2011.
bp [DIJ76] Edsger DIJKSTRA, A discipline of programming, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1976.
bp [DIR39] Paul DIRAC, A new notation for quantum mechanics, Mathematical proceedings of the cambridge philosophical society, 35(3):416–418, 4.1939.
[ECC80] John ECCLES, The human psyche, Berlin: Springer, 1980.
NONFICTION: FG: 8
bp [FEY85] Richard FEYNMANN, Surely you're joking Mr Feynman, New York: Norton, 1985.
bp [FIN03] D. FINKELSTEIN, J. BAUGH, A. GALIAUTDINOV, M. SHIRIGARAKANI, Transquantum dynamics, Foundations of physics, 33(9):1267–1275, 4.2003.
bp [FOD68] Jerry FODOR, Psychological explanation, New York: Random, 1968.
bp [FOE65] Heinz FOERSTER, Memory without record, The anatomy of memory, Palo Alto: Science and behavior books, 1965.
er [FOG91] Robert FOGEL, The conquest of high mortality and hunger in Europe and America, Favorites of fortune, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.
er [FOG04] Robert FOGEL, The escape from hunger and premature death 1700–2100, Cambridge: University Press, 2004.
er [FOG11] R. FOGEL, R. FLOUD, B. HARRIS, S. HONG, The changing body — health, nutrition, and human development in the Western World since 1700, Cambridge: University Press, 2011.
bp [GOS54] Hermann GOSSEN, Entwicklung der gesetze des menschlichen verkehrs, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1854.
NONFICTION: HI: 10
gd [HAM77] Richard HAMMING, Digital filters, Engelwood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1977.
bp [HAR54] Errol HARRIS, Nature, mind, and modern science, London: Allen Unwin, 1954.
bp [HAR65] Errol HARRIS, The foundations of metaphysics in science, London: Allen Unwin, 1965.
su [HER17] C. HERNANDEZ, H. WAYMENT-STEELE, M. SULTAN, B. HUSIC, V. PANDE, Variational encodings of complex dynamics, Physical review, E97(6):1-062412–11-062412, 12.2017.
bp [HUG06] Dominic HUGHES, Proofs without syntax, Annals of mathematics, 164(3):1065–1076, 8.2004.
bp [HUT94.1] James HUTTON, An investigation of the principles of knowledge, and of the progress of reason, from sense to science and philosophy, 1, Edinburgh: Strahan Cadell, 1794.
bp [HUT94.2] James HUTTON, An investigation of the principles of knowledge, and of the progress of reason, from sense to science and philosophy, 2, Edinburgh: Strahan Cadell, 1794.
bp [HUT94.3] James HUTTON, An investigation of the principles of knowledge, and of the progress of reason, from sense to science and philosophy, 3, Edinburgh: Strahan Cadell, 1794.
bp [IVE62] Kenneth IVERSON, A programming language, New York: Wiley, 1962.
bp [IVE80] Kenneth IVERSON, Notation as a tool of thought, Communications of the association for computing machinery, 23(8):444–465, 8.1980.
NONFICTION: JKL: 19
[JAM90.1] William JAMES, Principles of psychology, 1, New York: Holt, 1890.
[JAM90.2] William JAMES, Principles of psychology, 2, New York: Holt, 1890.
[JAM04] William JAMES, Does consciousness exist? Journal of philosophy, psychology, and scientific method, 1(18):477–491, 8.1904.
[JAM07] William JAMES, Pragmatism, New York: Longmans Green, 1907.
[JEV82] Stanley JEVONS, The state in relation to labor, London: Macmillan, 1882.
[KAN11] Satoshi KANAZAWA, The intelligence paradox, Hoboken: Wiley, 2011.
bp [KAN88] Pentti KANERVA, Sparse distributed memory, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1988.
bp [KAY93] Alan KAY, The early history of smalltalk, Association for computing machinery special interest group on programming languages notices, 28(3):69–95, 3.1993.
[KIN72] David KINNIMENT, Dai EDWARDS, Circuit technology in a large computer system, Proceedings of the conference on computers, systems, and technology, London: Institution of electronic and radio engineers, 1972.
[KIN07] David KINNIMENT, Synchronization and arbitration in digital systems, Chichester: Wiley, 2007.
[KIN11] David KINNIMENT, He who hesitates is lost: decisions and free will in men and machines, Newcastle: University Press, 2011.
bp [KOE40] Wolfgang KOEHLER, Dynamics in psychology, New York: Liveright, 1940.
bp [KUB58] Lawrence KUBIE, Neurotic distortion of the creative process, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1958.
bp [KUB78] Lawrence KUBIE, Symbol and neurosis, New York: International Universities, 1978.
bp [LAM03] Leslie LAMPORT, Specifying systems, Boston: Addison Wesley, 2003.
bp [LAN69] David LANDES, The unbound prometheus, Cambridge: University Press, 1969.
bp [LAN98] David LANDES, The wealthy and poverty of nations, New York: Norton, 1998.
bp [LON34] Mountifort LONGFIELD, Lectures on Political Economy, Dublin: Milliken, 1834.
bp [LOR63] Konrad LORENZ, Zur naturgeschichte der aggression, Wien: Borotha Schoeler, 1963.
NONFICTION: M: 15
bp [MAC83] Bruce MACLENNON, Principles of programming languages, New York: Holt Rinehart Winston, 1983.
ix [MCLU64] Marshall MCLUHAN, Understanding media the extensions of man, New York: McGraw Hill, 1964.
ix [MCLU68] Marshall MCLUHAN, Harley PARKER, Through the vanishing point, New York: Harper Row, 1968.
bp [MEA80] Carver MEAD, Lynn CONWAY, Introduction to very large scale integrated systems, Reading: Addison Wesley, 1980.
bp [MED75] Ray MEDDIS, The function of sleep, Animal behavior, 23(3):676–691, 8.1975.
bp [MED77] Ray MEDDIS, The sleep instinct, London: Routledge Paul, 1977.
bp [MEN55] Karl MENGER, Calculus, Boston: Ginn, 1955.
bp [MEN61] Karl MENGER, A counterpart of Occam's razor in pure and applied mathematics, Synthese, 13(4):331–349, 12.1961.
bp [MIL67] George MILLER, Computers, communication, and cognition, The psychology of communication, New York: Basic Books, 1967.
gd [MIL81] George MILLER, Language and speech, San Francisco: Freeman, 1981.
bp [MIL87] M. MILLER, D. BOBROW, E. TRIBBLE, J. LEVY, Logical secrets, Concurrent Prolog, 2, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
bp [MIL56] Wright MILLS, The power elite, New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.
bp [MIN86] Marvin MINSKY, The society of mind, New York: Simon Schuster, 1986.
bp [MIN49] Ludwig MISES, Human action, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1949.
bp [MUM67] Lewis MUMFORD, Technics and human development, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1967.
NONFICTION: N: 8
bp [NEU58] John NEUMANN, The computer and the brain, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.
bp [NEW87] Isaac NEWTON, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, Ed. 1, London: Streater, 1687.
bp [NEW13] Isaac NEWTON, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, Ed. 2, Cambridge: University Press, 1713.
bp [NIE82] Friedrich NIETZSCHE, Die froehliche wissenschaft, Chemnitz: Schmeitzner, 1882.
bp [NIE83.1] Friedrich NIETZSCHE, Also sprach zarathustra, 1, Chemnitz: Schmeitzner, 1883.
bp [NIE83.2] Friedrich NIETZSCHE, Also sprach zarathustra, 2, Chemnitz: Schmeitzner, 1883.
bp [NIE84] Friedrich NIETZSCHE, Also sprach zarathustra, 3, Chemnitz: Schmeitzner, 1884.
bp [NIE91] Friedrich NIETZSCHE, Also sprach zarathustra, 4, Leipzig: Naumann, 1891.
NONFICTION: OPQ: 10
ix [OLS65] Mancur OLSON, The logic of collective action, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.
ix [OLS00] Mancur OLSON, Power and prosperity outgrowing communist and capitalist dictatorships, New York: Basic Books, 2000.
gd [PEN84] Roger PENROSE, Wolfgang RINDLER, Spinors and spacetime, 1, Oxford: University Press, 1984.
gd [PEN86] Roger PENROSE, Wolfgang RINDLER, Spinors and spacetime, 2, Oxford: University Press, 1986.
su [PER85] Alan PERLIS, Foreword, Structure and interpretation of computer programs, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1985.
bp [PRI66] Karl PRIBRAM, Some dimensions of remembering steps toward a neuropsychological model of memory, Macromolecules and behavior, New York: Academic Press, 1966.
bp [PRI71.1] Karl PRIBRAM, Languages of the brain, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1971.
bp [PRI71.2] Karl PRIBRAM, What makes man human, New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971.
bp [PRI06] Karl PRIBRAM, What makes humanity humane, Journal of biomedical discovery and collaboration, 1(14):1–7, 8.2006.
bp [PRI13] Karl PRIBRAM, The form within, Westport: Prospecta, 2013.
NONFICTION: R: 7
bp [RAS63] Nicholas RASHEVSKY, The devious roads of science, Synthese, 15(1):107–114, 3.1963.
gd [REA17] J. REALPE-GOMEZ, G. ANDRIGHETTO, G. NARDIN, J. MONTOYA, Balancing selfishness and norm conformity can explain human behavior in large scale prisoner's dilemma games and can poise human groups near criticality, Physical review, E97(4):042321-1–042321-22, 8.2017.
bp [RIE81] Al RIES, Jack TROUT, Positioning, New York: McGraw Hill, 1981.
bp [ROS53] E. ROSVOLD, A. MIRSKY, K. PRIBRAM, Influence of amygdalectomy on social behavior in monkeys, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 47(3):173–178, 8.1953.
su [ROV08] Carlo ROVELLI, New preface, Quantum gravity, Cambridge: University Press, 2008.
bp [RUS23] Bertrand RUSSELL, Vagueness, Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy, 1(2):84–92, 6.1923.
su [RUS10] Stuart RUSSELL, Peter NORVIG, Artificial intelligence, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010.
NONFICTION: S: 16
ix [SCH51.1] Arthur SCHOPENHAUER, Parerga und paralipomena, 1, Berlin: Hayn, 1851.
ix [SCH51.2] Arthur SCHOPENHAUER, Parerga und paralipomena, 2, Berlin: Hayn, 1851.
bp [SEI68] Frederick SEITZ, Foreword, Purposive systems, New York: Spartan, 1968.
bp [SEG51] Irving SEGAL, A class of operator algebras which are determined by groups, Duke mathematical journal, 18(1):221–265, 1.1951.
bp [SHA84] Robert SHAW, The dripping faucet as a model chaotic system, Santa Cruz: Aerial Press, 1984.
[SCH60] Thomas SCHELLING, The strategy of conflict, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960.
[SCH66] Thomas SCHELLING, Arms and influence, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.
[SCH78] Thomas SCHELLING, Micromotives and macrobehavior, New York: Norton, 1978.
[SCH90] Carel SCHOLTEN, Predicate calculus and program semantics, London: Springer, 1990.
[SME73] Gerda SMETS, Aesthetic judgment and arousal, Leuven: University Press, 1973.
[SMI82] Vernon SMITH, American Economic Review, 72(5):923–955, 12.1982.
[SOK58] Yevgeniy SOKOLOV, Perception and conditioned reflex, Moscow: University Press, 1958.
bp [SUTH89] Ivan SUTHERLAND, Micropipelines, Communications of the association for computing machinery, 32(6):720–738, 6.1989.
[SUTH11] Ivan SUTHERLAND, The sequential prison, Association for computing machinery special interest group on programming languages notices, 46(10):1, 10.2011.
[SUTH11] Ivan SUTHERLAND, The tyranny of the clock, Communications of the association for computing machinery, 55(10):35–36, 10.2012.
[SYR08] Apostolos SYROPOULOS, Hypercomputation, New York: Springer, 2008.
NONFICTION: T: 3
ix [TALE18] Nassim TALEB, Skin in the game the hidden asymmetries of daily life, London: Lane, 2018.
ix [THA88] Richard THALER, The winner's curse, Journal of economic perspectives, 2(1):191–202, 12.1988.
bp [TSAI16] Cheng-Chih TSAI, The prisoner's dilemma from a logical point of view, Axiomathes, 27(4):417–436, 6.2016.
NONFICTION: UVW: 8
bp [UME93] Hiroomi UMEZAWA, Advanced field theory micro, macro, and thermal physics, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1993.
ix [VIC61] William VICKREY, Counterspeculation, auctions, and competitive sealed tenders, Journal of finance, 16(1), 8–37, 3.1961.
bp [WAT72.1] Satosi WATANABE, Knowing and guessing, New York: Wiley, 1972.
bp [WAT72.2] Satosi WATANABE, Pattern recognition as information compression, Frontiers of pattern recognition, New York: Academic Press, 1972.
bp [WEB77] Wilse WEBB, Sleep, The encyclopaedia of ignorance, Oxford: Pergamon, 1977.
bp [WHE73] John WHEELER, A lunchtime remark, 1973.9.27, Dust jacket, At home in the universe, Woodbury: American Institute of Physics, 1994.
ix [WIN86] Terry WINOGRAD, Fernando FLORES, Understanding computers and cognition, Norwood: Ablex, 1986.
bp [WOL02] Stephen WOLFRAM, A new kind of science, Champaign: Wolfram, 2002.
FICTION: ABC: 2
su [BOV89] Ben BOVA, Cyberbooks, New York: Doherty, 1989.
bp [CHE04] Gilbert CHESTERTON, The napoleon of notting hill, London: Lane, 1904.
FICTION: DEFGH : 3
ix [FEU40] Lion FEUCHTWANGER, Exil, Amsterdam: Querido, 1940.
bp [GOG42] Nikolai GOGOL, Dead souls, Moscow: University Press, 1842.
su [HUM35] George HUMPHREY, Go home unicorn, London: Faber, 1935.
FICTION: JKL : 1
su [LAW17] Mark LAWRENCE, Red sister, London: Harper Voyager, 2017.
FICTION: S : 1
ix [SAR45] Jean-Paul SARTE, Huis clos, Paris: Gallimard, 1945.
FICTION: VW : 2
bp [VIN03] Vernor VINGE, The cookie monster, Analog, 123(10):8–40, 10.2003.
ix [WIL98] Robert WILSON, Darwinia, New York: Tor, 1998.
ABOUT ME
I'm a scientist who writes fantasy and science fiction under various names.
The magazines which I currently most recommend:
Magazine of fantasy and science fiction
Compelling science fiction
Writers of the future
◕ ‿‿ ◕ つ
The magazines which I currently most recommend:
Magazine of fantasy and science fiction
Compelling science fiction
Writers of the future
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Ty
I used to think this. But Why not put references as footnote every page?
Several reasons:
(1) Think in terms of object oriented programming. You want A, B, C, ... to be atomic, basically. I mean: you can update A without having to change B, C, D, ... Otherwise if you build a linked structure, your work grows exponentially over time. Not feasible. (Dan Ingalls's great contribution to computer science was this concept.)
(2) Some people find the list useful. Don't care for the post that links to it. A good number of upvotes are because it doubles as a "recommended" list. That's intentional.
(3) I've also found putting the list at the bottom prevents people from clicking the upvote; they move to the next post. My preferences are to cite in a complete manner. But that means 10 to 20 references however.
(4) 1000 words of many of my posts was the references list when placed at the bottom; not ideal.
(5) A very major use case of an immutable archiving system is that you can update your previous publications. My view of Steem is arXiv but semipopular. Not everything that is worth making immutable and timestamping is appropriate to throw on arXiv, BioRxiv, etc, etc. Or under your real name. Like if I want to blog about something political or something with the same account.
Two other comments:
(6) I kind of would like to see everybody to do this: it would make long things so much better to read. Yet it would improve the public image of Steem. Two birds with one stone. It makes clear to those browsing offsite some of what gets discussed or planned to be discussed.
Right now, most of that kind of serious or semipopular content is on Wordpress. E.g., Terry Tao's blog as the most excellent example.
(7) Supposing one posts anything similar to a semipopular paper, which is where I'm going with this, one still puts the same references underneath the post to which they're attached. And they are in a standard format. A bot that just looks for similarity will always flag that post as well.
Chances are one had some of the exact same references in another post. If on a related subject. (Or should one not cite a reference after one already cited it for a different subject in an earlier post? That's actually quite bad. Proper citation and references means proper citation and references, every time.)
!cheetah whitelist
Starting this week I'm adding in standardized review codes.
The letters are mostly arbitrary. Rather they're selected to make it so that creating typos that affects the review mark is less likely. It now requires at least two typos. — Either a place typo and a letter typo or two letter typos.
bp > ix > gd > su > er > pt
⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊ ⇊
3 > 2 > 1 > 0 > –1 > –2
Only a –2 is properly a bad review. A –1 just means a standard neutral review. It's negative for one reason: — everything has an opportunity cost. — And everything 0, 1, 2, 3 is basically recommended.