Golem will not be able to effectively do artificial intelligence. Golem isn't specifically being designed for AI. Golem is like AGORAS in some ways in that CPU resources can be sold but Golem is over Ethereum and will have to depend on Ethereum developers in order to scale. In addition Golem will likely be less secure because you'll have to trust the Golem developers along with the Ethereum developers which means a lot more people have to be trusted.

On Agoras you only have to trust one developer and that is Ohad. Once Tauchain is built and shown to be secure then every app written in the Tau language will be provably secure. Tauchain uses a technique called "program synthesis" and every app will be formally verified, or in another way of saying, correct by construction. The correctness paradigm is an information security paradigm which is relied upon by top class engineers and mathematicians, and correct by construction is what is often used to achieve correctness.

I could go into some more detail about the security benefits but even Ethereum developers know the risks of smart contracts. The majority of developers saw the risks with The DAO and are now trying to upgrade Ethereum over time to control these risks. Golem in my opinion will have a lower safety profile (more risky), could be less scalable (might have to compete with other smart contracts on Ethereum), and while it might be able to do AI by integrating likely into IPFS or by their own means, it's not specifically designed for AI.

That was a good question. No one has ever asked that as far as I can tell.