My Biologist's Adventure #16 | Is it possible to replace our current computer with the Biological Computers?

zouxx (55)in #steemstem • 7 years ago (edited)

Is it possible to replace our current computer with the Biological Computers?

For your information, Biological Computer is designed to be used for medical task and this computer (Biological Computer) is a special type of microcomputer. This Biological Computer mainly used for monitor inducing therapeutic effect or the body activity, cellular and also at the molecular level. This computer can also solve simple math calculation and it is made up of Proteins, RNA, and DNA. For these superiorities, the researcher can build the system of biosensor or an array to detect specific cells in the patient body. Target specific medicinal operation also can be performed by using this type of computer. This is because the computer can be doing any medical procedures according to the instruction by the doctors.

Introduction About The Biological Computers

Did You Know? Biological computers are a kind of biosensors, it appears as an interdisciplinary field and these Biological Computers are draws together Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science and it also draws the Molecular Biology. This Biological Computer also have the ability to control the content and the length of the Oligonucleotides and the enzymes for the DNA modification, meanwhile for the nanoscales application it makes use the nucleic acids as an attractive candidate and this is because of the Highly Predictable Hybridization Chemistry of DNA. For the first time a "DNA Computer" has been used to find the solution for the computational problem, and it finds the only correct answer. Multiple "circuit" switch and clocks within a single need to be created and connect before one turn the living organism into the computational systems. DNA computer can outperform the electronic counterpart, because of the complexity of the biological molecule. In 1994, short oligomers and ligase DNA can solve the Hamiltonian Path Problem.

Input, Output, and Software are produced by the Biological Computers that compose the DNA, while the Hardware is the DNA-Manipulating Enzymes. To assess the concentration of any specific molecules of the RNA (under or over produce RNA) depend on types of cancer we need to use the newest version designed input apparatus to assess them. RNA level is used to make the diagnosis by the Biological Computers. In the cancer diagnosis, the output unit of the Biological Computer can initiate the controlled release of a DNA molecule, it is for interfere the activities of the cancer cell, this will cause the cancer cells to self-destruct. The Biological Computer will be a computer that has the ability to target and locate any specific types of cells in our body.

Is it possible to replace our current computer with the Biological Computers?

Of course, it can, this because all of the living creatures is a Biological Computer. But, there is one question, can all of the part in our body transmit, decode and store the information or maybe it can be used to produce smaller and efficient computers. Let's take a look at the information stored in our body, DNA is very efficient in the information storage. There are 3 billion full copy base pairs that makeup by the DNA that packed in the nucleus in our body cells. In years 2012, Scientist use the DNA as a data storage and over 750kb of data store by the DNA. The scientist also turned 5 different computer that contains all of the text file Shakespeare's sonnet, the speech of the Martin Luther King's(MP3 File " I have a dream ), the famous Watson pdf copy and Crick paper on the DNA structure and a photo(JPEG). All of the files put into a tiny white speck of DNA, this tiny DNA can't be seen with our eyes with the naked eye. The information recorded and convert the information from bytes into 5 DNA bases. Bits, currently stored by the computer information. For your information, bits is a digit of binary with only two possible values and the two possible value commonly represent as hi and lo/ 0 and 1. Meanwhile, the DNA encodes information into 4 different bases which are A, T, C, G. The DNA is more efficient to store the information compare to the bits. The ability of the DNA to store information enhanced by the invention of synthetic DNA.

The same base in a row such TTT or AAA will make sure not occurs by the scientist in the process of making the code of the DNA. There will be an error when reading the DNA if the base is same in a row. In the lab, a theoretical code will be synthesized into a real DNA. It is difficult to make a long sequence of DNA and it also too expensive, so the scientist broke into 117 bases long of the encoded information. Small pieces of the coded information designed to overlap. So, the risk of reading error can be reduced by this redundancy as a mistake in the code have to be four different pieces of DNA to be decoded at the end. 117 base segment is including the indexing information, so the segment is fit in relation to the rest of the DNA codes. The length of DNA segment for this experiment is all of same and at the same base there are no runs, it is obviously different from our DNA and DNA in any natural organism.

The DNA was sequenced in a lab in Germany. The DNA sequence with 100% accuracy used to reconstruct the original files of the computer. There is also an error, a sequencing error and its ratio is 1: 500 bases. DNA string was omitted for the further analysis, while the error is picked up by the overlapping sequences. This is a cool experiment, but, what is the point of this experiment? Well, the DNA has more benefits and it also great than the standard computer, the DNA can be stable for thousands of years. DNA from a long-dead woolly mammoth has been successfully sequenced, and the current computer that we are using now only reliable to store the information for only a few years, 10 years maybe. To write the DNA for now, it is too expensive and also slow. But, last few years the reading DNA cost dropped dramatically, it cost 250 Steem or $1000 to sequence the entire of the human genome. By the way, thanks for reading,keep following My Biologist's Adventure.

Reference and Further Reading

TOPIC	WEBSITES
*Wikipedia Biological Computing*	^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_computing}
*MIT & Biological Computer*	^{https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/232190-how-mits-new-biological-computer-works-and-what-it-could-do-in-the-future}
*What is Biological Computer*	^{https://www.omicsonline.org/biological-computers-their-mechanism-2155-952X.1000122.php?aid=3200}
*Introduction of Biosensors*	^{https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=402 biose}
*Woolly Mammoth DNA*	^{https://www.livescience.com/50275-bringing-back-woolly-mammoth-dna.html}
*Video Source*	^{https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4QZ_LsYcvcq7qOsOhpAX4A}

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