ELECTRONICS PROJECT: Four Way Traffic System Using Microcontroller

In the world today the use of traffic light has been a replacement for the human traffic wardens. The tremendously increased number of vehicles on our roads and the overwhelming army of pedestrians on road sideways call for great concern. The numerous avoidable accidents at junctions be it T-junction, 4-way junction is acknowledged not only by Government but also by the people themselves..Electronic devices, which can do services, round the clock, throughout dry or rainy seasons, winter or summer are called into play this indispensable role.
Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, signal lights, and robots, are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of traffic.

In this electronic work, I will be designing a simple traffic light system for four ways.

Electronic Component Used

CIRCUIT
Resistors 1K
Ceramic Capacitors 0.47UF & 0.1UF
Crystal Oscillator 4MHZ
Leds Green, Yellow And Red (4 Each)
Colour Light Indicators:Green, Yellow And Red (4 Each)
Wires (used as connecting wire)
Microcontroller (PIC16F887)
Battery 9volts Dc Power Supply (But The Circuit Uses 5VOLTS)
Voltage Regulator 5v (Lm7805)

PACKAGING
Plywood
Transparent Rubber 100cm
Trucking Pipe 3cm/2cm Wide
Electrical Pvc 1 Length
Nuts And Bots
Pvc Socket
White Junction Box

Circuit diagram

PS: The power pins in the microcontroller are hidden. So (pins 11 & 12 ) and (pins 31 & 32) are the power pins. Vdd(Positive) =11 and 32)
Vss(Negative/ground)=12 and 31.. So you can use any of the pin selections you like
Connect/ Join the listed components above as shown in the diagram below
How it works
The whole idea about this circuit is in a four way junction, we have two opposite roads. Therefore the first opposite roads will be mobile while the second opposite roads will be on halt. Then after a period of time the process will reverse and vice verse.
Now for the first phase we will have two red lights and two green lights, which indicates STOP and GO. After a delay of about 10000ms to15000ms two orange lights will then join the section where the red lights are turned on, which indicates READY TO GO for a delay of about 5000ms. After which the switch will take place for the next road /phase and vice verse. These process continues in a loop.

Picture of design and simulation on Proteus (Proteus 8 professional)

1st Phase (one)
(two red lights and two green lights)

1st Phase (two)
(Two orange lights joins the two red lights and two green lights)

2nd Phase (one)
(two red lights and two green lights)

2nd Phase (two)
(Two orange lights joins the two red lights and two green lights)

CIRCUIT OPERATION

The operation of the circuit above uses the microcontroller as the main box of the circuit. Dividing the circuit into three parts which will be the input, main unit and the output
The input deals with the power of the circuit, power of 9v flows from the battery and first enters the voltage regulator which regulates the power to 5v then the capacitor smoothens the supply before entering into the microcontroller terminals.
The main unit is the microcontroller where the logical operations take place. The microcontroller is programmed to perform the logical operation first before it is connected to circuit.
The microcontroller was programmed in C programming language the compiled, the Hex file is then transferred into the microcontroller

Then lastly the output which is the light displays (on and off of the designated LEDs) here the display consist of 12 LEDs inserted inside the led indicators.

Picture of finished prototype

Questions are welcomed in the comment sections, will reply ASAP

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