A brief description of the structure and evolution of the brain,
Introduction
The brain is a complex and mysterious organ. Despite many years of researches, scientists have many unknown parts of this organ. Often we know new information about the brain, by rejecting the old ideas and seeing new knowledge going on. Today, we will know about the things that contributed to the wider development of our species. Read the details of the brain, which gave us a different identity than other animals. Let's look at the structure of the brain, know how the level of evolution has reached one level after the brain.
Prof. Dr. Mamun Rashid, Research Assistant Professor of the Appalachan College of Pharmacy, and Farhad Hossain Masum, PhD-Rt in Environmental Economics at Louisiana State University, helped me a lot in preparing the writing . I am very much grateful to these two!
Some basic information
The fat made of fat and one kind of sponge is the brain. It is difficult to believe that the slightest touch of the fingers can change its size, so sensitive! So to stay safe, they have a kind of dense fluid (Cerebrow Spinal Fluid) inside the skull, which keep them away from the touch of the skull. The average weight of an adult brain is about one and a half kilograms. Women and men's brain size is around 1130 and 1260 cubic centimeters respectively. However, there is a great deal of difference between individuals. The difference in size does not affect women and men's IQ or sense.
It is good to keep an announcement that Karl Segan had an extraordinary discussion with the brain about his eighth episode "The Stability of Memory" in his famous "Cosmos: A Personal Voices" series. If you do not keep that part, then this article will remain incomplete, so many lines from that episode have been accurately highlighted here.
The whole picture of the brain: from the beginning to the present, from the inside out
Like other organs, the brain has evolved. Increased in size, increasing complexity and saving information. It can be said from the structure, how the brain evolved!
Please note the image below. If the brain has evolved from outside to the outside of the brain, this image will work quite well.
Brain Stem: The oldest part of the brain is the oldest, which is called brain stem. This is done by completing many basic biological works. One of them - the rhythm of life! That is, heartbeat and breathing. Besides, it also protects the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body.
Sareebelam: The brain is on top of the stem. It plays a role in balancing the balance and controlling the speed. Controlling it with attention, language, fear and feeling of joy It is also related to "how?" Related memorial process (also called procedural memories).
Cerebral or cerebral hemosphere : This part of the brain is the largest part of the brain. It is 75% of the total brain size and 85% of the weight. It is covered by the cerebral cortex folding layer. It also evolved from the inside to the outside.
"The ability of complex works has evolved into 3 steps." - In 1960, this hypothesis was given by American biologist Paul McLean. However, since 2000, neurologists have no longer supported this hypothesis.
Still, we read a little about the funny hypothesis. Hypothesis gained popularity with the 1967 book "The Dragons of Eden", won by Pulitzer Prize of Karl Segan.
According to this hypothesis , the brain stem has covered R-complex . "R" is the reptile or reptile R. It comes from violence, habit, occupation, and social heights. It has evolved 30 million years ago, in our reptile ancestors. So, the deep part of our brain is like a crocodile's brain.
R-complex is the limbic system or mammal brain . It has evolved a few hundred million years ago. In whom, you know? The animals that were mammals, but not primates like monkeys or apes, were among them. This system comes from - passion, feelings, anxiety, love for children.
Finally, in the upper part of the brain, there is an unintentional compromise agreement with the original brain. Cerebral Cortex It evolved a few million years ago, in the primitive ancestors. From here we start our cosmic journey. Carl Segan has called an unintentional compromise agreement with the original brain and new brain, because it has evolved, at the end of the whole, it is much larger than the original brain, and works are much different than the original brain.
The structure of cerebral cortex
Cerebral Cortex has gained the object awareness. This area is estimated to be more than two-thirds of the brain and the state of critical analysis. From here we get intelligence and motivation. I write it, read, digit, or sing. The cortex controls our awareness. Here we are different than other species. Here humanity lives. This is the source of art and science. The origins of civilization are from Cerebral Cortex.
According to location it is divided into four parts. These parts are located in both right and left, both hemispheres or hemosphere. For example, frontal lobe, parabolic lobe, temporal lobe, and oxythetic lobe.
1) Frontal lobe - behind the forehead is the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. It is associated with knowing thoughts, decisions, passing and lasting memories. From here we may guess how the future of an event will be! If the future looks evil then take steps to avoid the incident.
The frontal lobe may be there - the way to survive human existence.
2) Paralal lobe - the location of the paralic lobe right behind the frontal lobe. It combines the information received by different senses, associated with the knowledge about the place and the journey.
3) Temporal lobe 's position at the bottom of the frontal and paralic lobes. It is scent and hearing, talking and seeing, associated with creating lasting memories.
4) The oxythetic lobe - it is at the back side. This lobe is associated with eyesight.
Right hemisphere - left hemisphere
People thought the longitudinal fissure in the groove by the split into two hemispheres, the left hemisphere or the Left Hemisphere of the right hemisphere or Right Hemisphere is known.
The true work of the right hemisphere - design identification, guess, sensitivity, and creativity.
The real work of the left hemisphere - control of logic, analytical and verifiable thinking. These two parts, two critical reverse power, are the introduction of human thought.
The question arises, next to the picture of a strange object called Corpus Callosum? What's the matter
Let's look at the big picture below to identify the thing. This makes contact between the two tools of birth and verifying our concepts (those who continue to talk and those we know as right and left hemispheres).
The Corpus Callosum is a bunch of large nervous system . It's the bridge between creativity and analysis. Callus means hard, corpus means thing; Its function is to keep the turtle brain strong from the bottom.
But what is the need to keep this proposition of Corpus calosom? Because it is necessary to understand this world, two hemispheres are essential. Without world without reason, without sensitivity, you can not survive with an estimate without analytical thinking. So it is very important to maintain communication between the two hemispheres.
Cerebral Cortex Folding, Gray Matter and White Matter
The man's cerebral cortex has a deep fold (see the image below).
The reasons for this fold are also appropriate. This enhances the information storage space in our small skull. To keep long sheets in a small place, such as folding it (or you can think of sari's mooring), the brain's cord too. Let's know what the upper part of the fridge.
Gyros: This is the upper part between the two rectangles .
Salkas: This is the lower part of the gland .
It is worth noting that compared to other primates, the number of folds in the brain is much higher.
Come on Gray Matter and White Matters.
Gray Matter: This is a non-brained nervous system, which is the structural material outside the cerebral cortex. It also has brainstorm, ceribel and spinal cord. Although the name is Gray or Gray, its real color is pure pink (due to the presence of blood vessels).
White Matter: Another part of Gray Matter is the White Matter. It is a molecular nervous system that is located inside the cerebral cortex. It connects gray matter to different parts of the brain and transmits the nerve impulse between the neurons.
Neurons: brain language
The thought microscopic structure inside the cerebral cortex. That is, how thoughts are created, from Cerebral Cortex.
DNA of the brain and genes - both languages are not the same. Neurons say brain language. What we learn is written in neuron cells. These are the connecting components. Each connection = one bit information.
How many neurons do we have? Maybe 100 billion The number is closer to the number of galaxies. And the number of neurons is about 100 trillion. Even in sleep, the brain cramps, beat and grinds. Running people's complex tasks; Such as dreaming, remembering, guessing. Think of our thoughts, goals, imagination - they have real and material existence? Yes, yes, hearing sounds strange, these things, which are known as non-factors, have real and material existence.
You can ask, how to look at the "thought" thing?
Well, the answer is - this is made with hundreds of electrical chemical dispersion!
For many years, there was a conception that brain cells are not newly produced. The number of neurons I am born with, how many neurons have to go on in life. But now we know that the neurogenesis process continues to produce neurons throughout life.
However, all the neurons that divide into the child, it is not. Interestingly, almost all of the neurons have been terminally deferred. That means they are no longer divided. It is impossible for normal neurons to make normal mitosis due to the shape of a stem-shaped tree. However, in some parts of the brain, there are new neurons or neuro-regeneration from Adicosa (Progenito Cell).
Neurons are bifurcated after embryo and after birth (because they are round). Later on, the round becomes tall like neurons, for which it is impossible for bisecting. New neurons may also be born in the brain called hypocampus. Hippocampus's great role in our memory and teaching process. More interesting information is that the neurons can migrate from one place to another by migrating to the state (round). But if the hands (leg, axle, dendritite) grow, then it has to be left there. Because the neurons are spinning some cells, which are called glyasia. Glue comes from glue or glue. The turned neuron (the picture below) does not grow, neither does it get bisected.
Three components are made of brain or brain - neurons, gli cells (those cells without neurons) and blood vessels.
What is the number of neurons in the brain, it is said above. Almost the same number of gliates are there. Previously it was thought that the number of glycerine is 10 times the neurone, but it is now considered that the number of neurons is close to the number (study of 2015).
As mentioned above, glaucoma cell called glya is twisted into the body of the neuron. Their main work is:
Keeping them neutral around neurons,
Providing oxygen and nutrients in neurons,
To destroy the germs,
Removing dead neurons,
Keep one neuron away from another neuron (what do we see in the current wire, plastic coating on the outside of the copper, and neurons should also be kept away from each other, which is a gli or sleeping cell).
Neuron connection
The human brain is the unit of data ingredient bit. It compares with the cortex's neuron connection (see the picture below), which is about 100 trillion bits, that is, 10 ^ 14. If you want to write all the bits in English, the space will be equal to 20 million volumes, which is equivalent to the largest library in the world. What does that mean? I mean, 20 million volume books have the same information in each of our brains!
A microscopic figure of how neurons are connected to each other.
In this way, neurons transmit electronic
impulse and information among other cells.
The brain, a huge state in a little space. Most books are located here, know? Cerebral Cortex And the activities of the ancestors survival in the ground floor of the brain. For example - the tendency of aggression, child rearing, sexuality, or leader to follow blind Most of them are still seen in our daily lives. However, higher brain functions, such as reading, writing, talking, these are the work of a certain place in the cerebral cortex.
The funny thing is, our memories are spreading here in the brain. That is, old memories are not in a particular place in the brain, in one place!
But does the brain work to remember only?
No It compares, explains the meaning of information, analyzes, creates abstract ideas.
The simplest thoughts, such as the idea of number 1, have a huge and logical structure! The brain has its own language to consider the structure and compatibility of the world. But we never see the analysis strategy, we only see the results. And that's why we need to be able to do more, which can not be gene.
The amount of information in the brain library is 10,000 times more than the library. A word in the Gene library does not change well in a century. On the other hand, the brain is a bindless book. We're constantly adding new pages, new volumes. The reason we want to learn is the strong will of our survival tool.
Conclusion
The roots of emotions and social behavior are deep in our depth. These are part of human civilization, but human identification is not a feature. Because there are many other creatures in the feeling. But what separates us from?
Answer: The power to think.
Cerebral Cortex is a kind of freedom to do! We do not have to be locked in the genetic nature of the lizard or baboon (occupancy and aggressive attitude, mentality of authority). What is involved in our brain, behind it we ourselves are responsible for most What will I want to grow up, what will I know - in this case also. We can change ourselves if we want.
Think of it - what is the potential for our brains because of this brain! This possibility can be implemented only when we can increase the use of brain power.
1. Carl Sagan's Causes Episode 11 - The Stability of Memory
2. Parts of the brain
3. Brain and nervous system
OK ,Thank you for support me ,,
Excellent post, very well articulated. thank you so much.
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