Tracing the Traces of Matter in the Universe

aneuktulot (40)in #science • 6 years ago (edited)

There are still many unresolved things about the universe and it remains a mystery that keeps scientists working their minds. But sooner or later we will all see the results of their work, especially now that we are assisted by increasingly sophisticated tools, so it is only a matter of time we will soon see the good news.

What are dark matter and dark energy? The concept of dark energy and dark matter is still the hypothesis that cosmologists present as the material that builds 96% of the universe. They radiate and reflect electromagnetic radiation so that it can be detected directly, but its existence can be known from its gravitational effects. Therefore scientists are now trying to prove whether dark energy and dark matter really exist. And if any of are they made?

^{Dark matter map for a patch of sky based on gravitational lensing analysis of a Kilo-Degree survey.wikipedia}

One study related to dark energy and dark matter suggests that dark energy may be just a small piece of carbon material, formed in the early days of the universe. Well, for that done experiments to determine whether this dark matter is formed from axion particles. According to the researchers, space is filled with the spread of small pieces of carbon that dim the distant objects. According to them, the existence of this very small carbon strand may explain the existence of the dark energy that filled the cosmos.

The dark energy hypothesis of a decade ago did explain the unexpected dimming of the explosion of certain stars that belong to the supernova 1a category. Supernova 1a is a supernova derived from the explosion of old stars, with an absolute magnitude of 16. Astronomers use supernova 1a as the standard spacer. Well, since the explosion is believed to have the same intrinsic brilliance, then a very bright-looking explosion is assumed to be nearer and farther away.

In the late 1990s, the researchers saw that part of the explosion was too dim - too far - to meet the standard theory. This leads them to the conclusion that the expanding universe is accelerated, triggered by an unknown energy called dark energy.

In a recent study by Andrew Steele and Marc Fries of Carchems, D.C., D.C, reported the formation of carbon in minerals in meteorites that are unusual in the formation of the Solar System. Granite clusters are thought to form from carbon-rich gases and are found in meteorites called calcium-aluminum. At around 4.5 billion years old, this is the oldest material in the Solar System.

^{Estimated distribution of matter and energy in the universe.wikipedia}

When the Sun is still young, the Sun's wind is so strong that it can blow the particles out of the Sun. As a result, it is estimated that the granite strands formed near the Sun may be blown out into the interstellar space. The same is also expected to occur in other young stars. These granite strands can also be formed and propagated by supernovas. The thin fog of the strands in space will affect light at various wavelengths and energy as it passes through space. From the existing postulates, the light close to the infrared wavelength will be affected - the same dimming wavelengths and which lead to the conclusion of the dark energy model.

Granite strands or similar material are presented as possible explanations of observation, but their presence in space remains unproven until the present invention of meteorites. With this discovery, researchers will be able to test the strands into their theories and observations they make.

According to Steele, currently still cannot be made further comments on the implications of dark energy. However, it is important to study the characteristics of the carbon form so that it can know what its relationship to the dark energy model.

Does Dark Matter Hurt Himself?

The universe is full of unanswered questions: is there life beyond Earth? How did the universe begin? Is the universe made up of anything? To answer that question, one of the main ingredients of the universe is dark matter, which is perhaps one of the greatest mysteries.

^{Simulated Large Hadron Collider CMS particle detector data depicting a Higgs bosonproduced by colliding protons decaying into hadron jets and electrons,wikipedia}

Dark matter is a mysterious and strange material that is so named because it does not emit any light. Really not visible at all. However, astronomers suspect in this universe that the amount of strange material is 5 times the amount of normal matter we can see.

We know that dark matter exists because we can see the effect it has on nearby objects. Just like seeing footprints on the snow caused by an invisible dog. We also know that dark matter is around the galaxy; even almost every galaxy is the same shape as the Milky Way Galaxy (ie spiral) enclosed by dark matter.

All the clues that lead to the existence of dark matter are generated by its gravity which attracts other objects. At least that until now.

^{Cosmic collision,wikipedia}

This photo shows a terrific cosmic collision. When observing this incident, astronomers discovered dark matter that enveloped one of the galaxies left behind by another.

It does not seem to be a great discovery, but it does reveal that there is a new style that works. It is probably a style that has never been seen before and can only be created and perceived by dark matter: as if the dark matter kicked itself!

More than 95% of the material in the universe cannot be seen. Dark matter includes such material, but the main element is a mysterious force called dark energy. This energy pushes everything, sort of the opposite of gravity.

Why study dark energy?

Until now, dark energy can only be learned through astronomical observations. And the greatest prospect of observation to study this dark energy is through supernova observation. The most effective tool for studying this supernova is a telescope that is in space, Hubble telescope. Hubble can function as a supernova hunting machine that is essential for studying dark energy. This is evidenced (among others) through the use of Hubble by Reiss and his team to determine the transition epoch where dark energy begins to dominate the universe. Unfortunately with the dismissal of Hubble's care then the Hubble telescope's life was only until about 2007-2008. And with the loss of the essential tools of studying dark energy, the advancement of our understanding of dark energy will not be as fast as we should be with the technology we have today.

By studying this dark energy, we can know how the tip of the evolution of the universe. The observation of the equation of dark energy state can also affect particle physics/particle physics and in general relativity. If we can determine the value of the equation of the dark energy state, we can determine what exactly dark energy is. And if the dark energy has the equation w = -1, then dark energy is a cosmological constant, and we still have to deal with fine-tuning problems and coincidence problems. If w <-1 then we will find a problem in the theory of general relativity on a very large scale.

There are two realistic goals for the next decade: determining the state of the equation to 5% accuracy and looking for variations over time. Having succeeded in determining the equation of circumstances, then the next goal is to detect the nature of the seizure. This will give us important knowledge about what and how dark energy.