Theory of knowledge

None of us can exist in the world, not knowing how to navigate in it. This orientation can be successful only if the person has the ability to adequately reflect, reproduce and comprehend the surrounding reality.

Problems of the theory of knowledge
The first problem is to clarify the nature of cognition, determine the conditions and foundations of the cognitive process. In simple terms, her main question is: "Why does the human mind try to understand what is happening?". And together with the search for answers to it, such conditions as the world in all its diversity, the person who is the product of this world, and the forms of the reflection of the world in cognitive activity (feelings and thoughts) are studied. Only if these three components exist, it makes sense to talk about cognition.

Methods of the theory of knowledge
All the methods of the theory of knowledge are based on several basic premises:

the object of knowledge (ie all "things") exist objectively and do not depend on the subject of knowledge, they are all accessible to the knowledge of man;

the content of knowledge is objectively conditioned by the existence of reality, which does not depend on the consciousness of man;

the main source of knowledge are sensations, which are images of objects of reality;

rational knowledge is different from the sensory one, which is mediated by knowledge, which influences the formation of concepts;

thinking is subjective, and not only socially and physiologically (reality is reflected subjectively, taking different forms);

subjectivity of thinking can be a source of error and error;

rational knowledge is interconnected with language that plays the role of a means of materializing the cognitive process and its results;

the method of cognition is determined by the peculiarities of the cognizable objects, the conditions of cognition and its goals.

Any of the epistemological methods takes these factors into account, and is built with their account. By the very same methods, there are several large groups. Briefly tell about them, trying not to miss the point.