为什么越努力越倒霉?

in #nuli7 years ago

1908年,哈佛大学心理学教授罗伯特·耶克斯(Robert M.Yerkes)和他的学生约翰·多德森(John D.Dodson)研究了动机和成就之间的关系,提出了耶克斯-多德森定律:在一定范围内,心理和生理状态越亢奋,表现越好;超过一定范围,心理和生理状态越亢奋,表现越差。前半句一般人都知道,后半句无疑提出了一项震惊世人的结论:努力也要有个度,太努力了就一定会倒霉。  话分两头。如果有记者问:你努力工作,目的是什么?大部分人应该会暗自回答:赚大钱,飞黄腾达,名利双收……这是正常人的目的。我们并不伟大,但我们不做作,不虚伪,不假装高尚。  但是优秀人士都特别会装清高。俞敏洪说自己“少了些急功近利”。潘石屹说,自己有“雷锋精神”,追求服务社会,创造社会价值。马云则更酷,他说:“忘掉money,忘掉赚钱。”“我一直认为不管做任何事,脑子里不能有功利心。”“永远不把赚钱作为第一目标。”“让社会感觉到我们存在的价值,这才是阿里巴巴的社会责任感所在。”

有人说,他们都在装,但是,为什么三个人都在装呢?当清高成为公分母,那么即使真的是装,也一定暗含着某种价值。  这里的秘密就是人生最大的悖论之一:目标颤抖。所谓目标颤抖,就是“动机越强烈,成功率越小”,也就是耶克斯-多德森定律的通俗说法。盯着针眼穿线,人的手就会发抖;越想穿进去,手就会越抖;如果穿不进去就砍头,手就会抖得过于厉害,穿进去的可能性降为零。

因为“目标颤抖”的存在,功利行为实际上有自我毁灭的倾向。因为运动可以减肥而去运动,那这运动就不可能有效果;因为信佛可以添福增寿而信奉,那么即使有神佛也不会保佑你;因为送花可以追到女神所以送花,那女神肯定不会青睐于你;贪婪金钱,那就不可能赚到钱。

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