Assalamualaikum all of my friends. How are you all? I hope you are all well. I'm fine too. I am Mohammad Kamran Hossain. Today I am going to participate in the soil protection post organized by @hindwhale community official account. I would first like to thank @hindwhale for organizing such a valuable contest today. Because the importance of soil in the world is immense.

Photo by canva app👆

Introduction to soil

Soil is a dynamic natural material consisting of minerals, organisms and organic matter suitable for plant growth. Soil is a composite of small particles of solid matter, water & air. Soil is formed by the mixing of minerals and organic compounds formed by the formation of rocks. Soil is made up of 4 components. Mineral matter 45%, organic matter 5%, air 25%, water 25%. There are 3 types of soil. Namely: clay soil, loam soil, sandy soil.

Photo taken with Samsung Galaxy S9+ mobile

Causes soil pollution or soil erosion

Some of the causes of soil pollution or soil erosion are mentioned below ;

1] Felling of trees.
2] Overgrazing.
3] Mineral extraction.
4] Soil erosion.
5] Additional irrigation.
6] Reduction of soil micro-organisms.
7] Use of chemical fertilizers.
8] Lack of planned land use.
9] Decreasing the amount of organic matter.
10] Unscientific cycle etc.

Prevention of soil pollution and erosion

When the surface of the soil is eroded very slowly or rapidly due to various natural forces and human activities, it is generally called soil erosion. This soil erosion has now become a national problem in almost every country in the world. As a result of soil erosion, on the one hand, the production of agricultural crops is disrupted, on the other hand, the balance of the ecosystem is disturbed, and the existence of the biosphere is also becoming critical. Hence the need for soil conservation has arisen.

Objective of soil conservation

1. To prevent soil erosion, increase its fertility and restore its function.

2. To maintain the existence of the living world by keeping the balance of the ecosystem.

📖 Ways or methods to prevent soil erosion 👉 Environmentalists have said several ways or methods to prevent soil erosionThose ways or methods of soil conservation can be discussed in two categories. namely-
A) Biological methods of soil conservation Biological methods of soil conservation are-

1. Controlled rate of felling of trees and creation of new forests, One of the main means of soil conservation is controlled rate of felling of trees and creation of new forests. Soil erosion can be prevented by cutting mature trees only as needed and protecting immature trees as uncontrolled logging leads to rapid soil erosion. Besides, soil erosion can be prevented by new afforestation in barren and fallow lands and hill slopes by extensive plantation of trees. This is because tree roots hold the soil particles firmly together and at the same time protect the soil from erosion caused by water and air currents.

2. Controlled Grazing 👉 Grass stays on top of the soil in the form of cover and prevents soil erosion by keeping the grass roots firmly in the soil. But the topsoil is particularly damaged by uncontrolled grazing. Therefore, controlled grazing keeps the grass growing and prevents soil erosion.

3. Following the crop rotation system 👉 If the same crop is cultivated repeatedly on the same land, the fertility of the soil decreases and the soil is degraded. But if two or more crops can be grown alternately or crop rotation is followed on the same land as per convenience, then the natural fertility of the land is maintained and the loss of chemical elements of the soil is controlled.

4. Controlled Shifting Farming System 👉 Shifting farming system destroys the forest area by burning and unscientific method of agriculture results in soil erosion. Therefore it is possible to prevent soil erosion by controlling the extent of shifting agriculture (Jhum farming).

5. Following step farming method 👉 In hilly areas with high slopes, unscientific farming practices lead to soil erosion. Therefore, the top layer of soil cannot be completely removed by cutting the land parallel to the elevation line in hilly areas with high slopes.

6. In addition to the above biological methods, soil erosion can also be prevented by applying biological methods such as raised agriculture, ring farming, creation of new grasslands, creation of new forest rings etc.
   B) Technical methods of soil conservation

7. Construction of artificial walls To prevent water channel erosion of soil, soil erosion can be prevented by constructing artificial walls of stone and concrete across deep channels and filling the channels with soil.

8. Increasing the water holding capacity of the soil By artificially increasing the water holding capacity of the soil, the erosion of the soil can be prevented by reducing the intensity of the erosive force of water on the soil.

9. Wind flow control Wind flow is the main cause of soil erosion in arid regions. Soil erosion can be prevented by keeping the soil moist in the area, creating horizontal barriers to air movement, or by covering the soil with organic matter to control airflow.

10. Soil conservation and supervision methods need to be applied according to the use, function and location of the land in a particular place. Adoption of soil erosion prevention and supervision methods while maintaining environmental friendliness is the main method of soil conservation.

Conclusion

Earth's largest element is soil. Because all the people, animals and various animals live on the earth. Moreover, plants that provide food for humans, animals and birds and essential oxygen also grow on this soil. So we have to keep soil maintenance, fertility, soil erosion etc. in mind. Because if the soil is polluted, it will be a threat to the survival of the entire living species.

Invite friends : @jannatmou, @maslam001, @riki2000

Thank you very much

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@hindwhale