ACHIEVEMENT 3 BY @Oasiskp|| TASK: CONTENT ETIQUETTES

ACHIEVEMENT 3 BY @Oasiskp|| TASK : CONTENT ETIQUETTES

'Plagiarism can only be mitigated through proper use of quotation and citation thereby helping to uphold content Etiquette'

What is Plagiarism?

From the etymological gene of the word, plagiarism is a Latin word "plagiarius" (literally "kidnapper") and is use to denote stealing someone else's creative work and was pioneered by the Roman poet Martial. Plagiary, becomes a derivative of plagiarus, which was introduced into English in 1601 by dramatist Ben Jonson during the Jacobean Era to describe someone guilty of literary theft. Then in 1620, the derived form plagiarism was introduced into English.

Plagiarism therefore is define by Wikipedia as:

"the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work" without given due credit through referencing to the original owner. It is considered a violation of academic integrity and a breach of journalistic ethics, where attract sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work, substantial fines and even imprisonment.
Source

From the above, it is worthy to note that

'plagiarism is not in itself bad or a crime, but just like counterfeiting fraud can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights ...'

So also plagiarism becomes bad or a crime and attract penalty in the academic world when done without proper referencing and citation to the original owner. And off course, in literature review we cannot in totality escapes incorporating one's else idea or works - be it in part, sentences, and or paragraphs - into our own work, as such, it should be done with proper use of citation or quotation; otherwise, we become a plagiarist liable of plagiarism charge with appropriate punishment as the case may be.

Types Of Plagiarism

Judging from the wider scope and considering the fact that plagiarism might not be the same in all countries, it takes various forms. It ranges from copy and paste, reusing an entire document to rewritting a single paragraph. In the end, all types or forms of plagiarism boils down to passing off someone's ideas or words as your own. Though the list is not exhaustible, permit me to mention a few.

Copy And Paste Plagiarism (Verbatim)
Copy and paste plagiarism is also known as direct plagiarism or verbatim which means using a paragraph from another source or word-for-word without a citation or attribution, thus passing it as your own. This is considered dishonest and attract academic disciplinary action. Hence, if you really want to include a passage from another source, word-for-word, one should learn how to quote it properly.

Paraphrasing Plagiarism
This type of plagiarism involve the lifting of one's idea from a source material and then perform some minor changes by using synonyms to switch the words and rephrase the sentences. In most cases, such documents still retain its original structure, writing style and "artistic signature". To avoid this type of plagiarism, make sure you understand the slim line between reading someone else material for inspiration and actually copying the material for personal authorship.

Inaccurate Authorship
This is also known as misleading attribution and can happen in two ways:

• when an individual contributes to a manuscript but does not get credit for it.
• when an individual gets credit without contributing to the work.

This type of plagiarism which ever way it occurs, is a violation of the code of conduct in research.
This type of plagiarism do also occur especially when someone else edits a manuscript, leading to substantive changes. In this case, the recommendations is to acknowledge the contributors at the time of publication, even if they are not listed as authors.

Accidental plagiarism
Whether intended or unintended, there is no excuse for plagiarism, because plagiarism is plagiarism and the consequences are often the same. However, plagerism may be accidental if it occurred because of neglect, mistake or unintentional paraphrasing.

Self or Auto-Plagiarism
This is a situation whereby an author deliberately reuses significant portion of his or her previously published work without attribution. This means that the author reuse the work that he or she has receive praise or reward before in different publications. For example, I post a particular publication in SteemAlive Community, and after being voted for and subsequently rewarded for it, I still use it again in Steem-travel and get reward. It means self plagiarism.

Source-based Plagiarism
This type of plagiarism occur when a researcher uses different types of sources. That is to say, a researcher references a source that is incorrect or does not exist, thereby making the citation misleading. Sometimes when a researcher uses a secondary source of data or information but only cites the primary source of information. Both types lead to an increase in number of reference sources, and in turn increases the citation number of the references.

Complete Plagiarism
If you download a whole material online and present it as your own, or buy an already written material of someone else and submit it under your name as the original owner, it is complete plagiarism. As a matter of fact, it is stealing of intellectual property.

CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM IN STEEMIT

Just as other bodies, organizations and field of professionalism have their laid down consequences for plagiarism, so also Steemit have its stated consequences as follows:
• You will be down voted.
• You will be charged with copyright infringement.
• You will ruin your reputation.
• You will lose your audience.
• Your account will subsequently be block.

Proper Quotations and Citations
A quotation is any expression, statements or ideas we import from another author's text or an extract from a speech which adds flavour our literary work when properly cited.

• Quotation marks
Use quotation marks to identify borrowed Content, showing where the quotation begins and where it ends ends.

• Paraphrasing
Do not use too many direct quotes, try paraphrasing some with their citations.
You do not need quotation marks when making such a summary, but you still have to make a citation of your source. Express the idea completely in your own words.

• Use blockquote
When a quotation is long, four or more lines, up to a paragraph or two. It is best to use a blockquote, they are easy to identify with the indentation it carries. For example:

"the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work"

• Adopt a Reference Style
There are different reference styles available to use irrespective of the fact that academic institutions adopt and change their styles frequently.

APA
This is a reference style where the authors name is followed by the year of publication then a letter "P" comes before the page numbers, each item is followed by a comma. If the author's name was already mentioned, put the year and page numbers. APA syntax is as follows: (Oasiskp, 1934, p.54)

MLA
Here, the author's name is written followed by a page numbers, but if you have used the authors name to introduce the quotation, simply add the page numbers only. MLA syntax (Oasiskp 40)

Chicago Style
The author's last name is followed by the year, then name and date is not separated with a comma and letter "P" is not added before the page numbers,
Chicago Syntax (Oasiskp 1934, 54)

Summary

In summary, to avoid plagiarism, simply follow these steps;
• Quote, paraphrase or summarize the words or ideas from someone else.
• Give credit to the original source by including a citation in the text and reference list.
Use a particular reference style

Declaration

"I have read and understood the Steemit Etiquette on Steemit Community and will do my best to embrace them."

Conclusion

As much as Plagiarism might not be the same in all countries, and do not have the same degree of consequence, mitigating it means upholding proper content etiquette in Steemit platform as long as it is drawn at here.

In consonant with content etiquette, I will like to appreciate @manuelhooks for introducing and guiding me to Steemit. Worthy of mentioned here is @ngoenyi for spearing quality time out of her tight scheduled to instruct newbie like me, as well as @cryptokannon @talktofaith @focusnow, etc for their mentorship contributions in their various post which has been of great help in bringing me thus far in the Steemit platform. Thank you all.

Source
Steem-Etiquette
Quotation and citations
Managing Quotations
Plagiarism
Wikipedia