Learn with steem || Tutorial class 4 || Mechanical Engineering|| subject - Manufacturing process-|| by @deepak94

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Namaste steemit

Hello friends, how are you all, hope all is well, today I am going to write my fifth post about my subject. Today in this post we discuss the Forging Process in the manufacturing process. So let's start with the topic.

FORGING

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• Forging is the operation in which the metal is heated and then a force is applied to manipulate the metal in such a way that the required final shape is obtained and it can be useful for some kind of work.
• It is the control of the plastic deformation of metals at elevated temperatures.
• Because of the manipulative ability of the forging process, it is possible to control the flow in a specific direction so the best mechanical properties can be obtained based according to the specific application.

Raw Material which can be forged

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• Plain carbon steel(1100-1250 degrees Celcius)
• Copper and its Alloys (750-925 degrees Celcius)
• Aluminium and alloys(370-450 degrees Celcius)
• Magnesium (315 degree celcius)
• Bronze

Forging Type

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There are 4 types of forging methods that are generally used. These are
Smith forging

• This is the traditional forging operation.
• Done openly in open dies by manual hammering or by power hammers.
  Drop forging
• The drop forging dies consist of 2 halves.
• The lower half of the die is fixed to the anvil of the machines, while the upper half is fixed to the ram.
• The heated stock is kept in the lower die while the ramp delivers 4 to 5 blow on the metal, in quick succession so that the metal spread and fills the die cavity.
• When the 2 die halves close, the complete cavity is formed.
• Drop forging is used to produce small components.
  Press forging
• Force is a continuous squeezing type applied by the hydraulic process.
  Machine forging
• In drop and press forging the material is drawn out, but in machine forging the material is only upset to get the desired shape.

Advantage of forging

• Structure homogeneity.
• Porosity, voids, and blue holes in the metal are eliminated resulting in internal soundness.
• Coarse or columnar grain is refined, increasing its yield and ultimate strength.
• Better mechanical properties.
• The uniform structure permits higher machining speeds.
• Minimum metal remover in machining.
• Relatively smooth surface of the forging.
• Forging is within fairly close tolerance.
• Rapid duplication of components.
• Forging is easily welded.

Drawbacks

• In hot forging there is rapid oxidation or scaling, and poor surface finish.
• Tooling and handling costs are high.
• Many intricate and cored shapes objects cannot be forged.
• Forging cost more than castings.

Forging operations

Steps involved in hammer forging.

• Colouring or switching.
• Edging or rolling.
• Bending.
• Drawing or cogging.
• flattening.
• Blocking
• finishing operation.
• Trimming or cut off.

Basic forging operation

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Upsetting

• Increasing the diameter of material by compressing its length.
• Employs split dies that have to contain multiple cavities.

Heading

• when the upsetting process is complete in such a way that the section of the stock is increased only on one end of the stock.

I hope you all liked this tutorial series of mechanical engineering subject and please tell me in the comments, what you liked in this quick tutorial series.

Note- First you read my previous post -link of tutorial post 4

Thank You