Learn with steem || Tutorial class 4 || Mechanical Engineering|| subject - Manufacturing process-|| by @deepak94
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Namaste steemit
Hello friends, how are you all, hope all is well, today I am going to write my fifth post about my subject. Today in this post we discuss the Forging Process in the manufacturing process. So let's start with the topic.
FORGING
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- Forging is the operation in which the metal is heated and then a force is applied to manipulate the metal in such a way that the required final shape is obtained and it can be useful for some kind of work.
- It is the control of the plastic deformation of metals at elevated temperatures.
- Because of the manipulative ability of the forging process, it is possible to control the flow in a specific direction so the best mechanical properties can be obtained based according to the specific application.
Raw Material which can be forged |
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- Plain carbon steel(1100-1250 degrees Celcius)
- Copper and its Alloys (750-925 degrees Celcius)
- Aluminium and alloys(370-450 degrees Celcius)
- Magnesium (315 degree celcius)
- Bronze
Forging Type |
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There are 4 types of forging methods that are generally used. These are
Smith forging
- This is the traditional forging operation.
- Done openly in open dies by manual hammering or by power hammers.
Drop forging - The drop forging dies consist of 2 halves.
- The lower half of the die is fixed to the anvil of the machines, while the upper half is fixed to the ram.
- The heated stock is kept in the lower die while the ramp delivers 4 to 5 blow on the metal, in quick succession so that the metal spread and fills the die cavity.
- When the 2 die halves close, the complete cavity is formed.
- Drop forging is used to produce small components.
Press forging - Force is a continuous squeezing type applied by the hydraulic process.
Machine forging - In drop and press forging the material is drawn out, but in machine forging the material is only upset to get the desired shape.
Advantage of forging |
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- Structure homogeneity.
- Porosity, voids, and blue holes in the metal are eliminated resulting in internal soundness.
- Coarse or columnar grain is refined, increasing its yield and ultimate strength.
- Better mechanical properties.
- The uniform structure permits higher machining speeds.
- Minimum metal remover in machining.
- Relatively smooth surface of the forging.
- Forging is within fairly close tolerance.
- Rapid duplication of components.
- Forging is easily welded.
Drawbacks |
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- In hot forging there is rapid oxidation or scaling, and poor surface finish.
- Tooling and handling costs are high.
- Many intricate and cored shapes objects cannot be forged.
- Forging cost more than castings.
Forging operations |
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Steps involved in hammer forging.
- Colouring or switching.
- Edging or rolling.
- Bending.
- Drawing or cogging.
- flattening.
- Blocking
- finishing operation.
- Trimming or cut off.
Basic forging operation |
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Upsetting
- Increasing the diameter of material by compressing its length.
- Employs split dies that have to contain multiple cavities.
Heading
- when the upsetting process is complete in such a way that the section of the stock is increased only on one end of the stock.
I hope you all liked this tutorial series of mechanical engineering subject and please tell me in the comments, what you liked in this quick tutorial series.
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