SLC21/WK6: Electricity bill and Electrical Cable, Circuit Breaker size Calculation
Hello Everyone
I'm AhsanSharif From Pakistan
Greetings to you all, hope you all are well and enjoying a happy moment of life with steem. I'm also good Alhamdulillah. |
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Design On Canva
| Difference | XLPE | PVC |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature Resistance | These are cables that can withstand high operating temperatures, up to 90 degrees under normal conditions, but up to 250 degrees under short circuit conditions. | It has a lower operating temperature rating than XLPE cable, rated for about 70 degrees but up to about 160 degrees for short circuits. |
| Electrical Properties | XLPE is used for high voltage applications because it has better current carrying capacity and provides lower dielectric losses. | We use PVC cables for medium or low voltage because they can carry low current and have high dielectric losses. |
| Insulation Durability | It is generally used in harsh conditions and has high mechanical strength. XLPE cables are used to provide better resistance to environmental or thermal stress. | PVC cable is a cable that has very little resistance to environmental stress and chemicals, which can cause it to degrade over time. |
| Difference | Single-core | Double-core | Three-core |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usage | There are some control panels and wiring systems where only one electrical path is required and single-core cables are used. | These cables are used where earthing is not required. They are used for double-ended devices. | We use three-core cables where we need grounding for safety, such as for various types of sockets or electrical appliances, we use it in home wiring. |
| Safety and Protection | We use it in places where we do not need earthing because these cables lack an earth wire. | Two-core cables also lack an earth wire, but it is used as a protective conductor for the live and neutral wires. It is used in systems where additional grounding is not required. | Three-core cable is the strongest and provides the best protection because it has an additional earth wire that protects us from faults such as short circuits. |
| Number of Conductors | We use single-core cables in simple electrical circuits because it has only one conductor. | It is used in lighting circuits because there is usually a need for a live and neutral wire, so it has two conductors. | They are used in applications where grounding is required because they have three conductors, usually live, neutral, and earth. It is used for power supply systems. |
The rates charged by utility companies, especially for domestic and commercial consumers, were said to peak and off-peak in Pakistan.
Peak Hours:
We call peak hours during the day because electricity consumption is higher during this time, usually due to increased use of lighting and heating or cooling systems. These times usually occur during this time in Pakistan:
- During this time, electricity tariffs are higher because peak hours are from 6 am to 10 pm on weekdays, as there is more pressure on the energy grid during this time due to high usage. Similarly, consumers are encouraged to use as little electricity during these times so that they can avoid high electricity bills and do not put too much pressure on the system.
Off-peak:
These are the times when electricity consumption is very low and tariffs are also cheap during this time. In Pakistan, these times are generally from 10 pm to 6 am.
- Rates can also offer lower tariffs for consumers on weekends, especially early in the morning and late at night, when electricity is also cheaper. Consumers are advised to run high-energy-consuming appliances such as washing machines, water pumps, or air conditioners during these times to avoid a higher bill.
Purpose:
Peak and off-peak hours are intended to manage power grid stations more efficiently and encourage consumers to spread their usage throughout the day and reduce their load during periods of high demand, thereby conserving energy and avoiding electricity bills.
In my house, 4 lights of 30 watts are on for 5 hours per day, 3 fans of 70 watts are on for 4 hours per day, and a heater of 70 watts is on for 4 hours per day. Our electricity company's electricity bill per unit is 0.15 Steem. How much will my electricity bill be in November 2024?
Electricity consumption
| Device | Rating | Quantity | Hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light | 30 watts | 4 | 5 |
| Fans | 70 watts | 3 | 4 |
| Heater | 70 watts | 1 | 4 |
| Consumption |
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Consumption = Wattage * Number of Loads * Hours
After the calculation of each device using the above formula, we get the following electricity consumption.
| Device | Consumption |
|---|---|
| Lights | 600WH/0.6 KWH |
| Fans | 840WH/0.84 KWH |
| Heater | 280WH/0.28 KWH |
(So, 1000WH=1KWH)
| Per Day Consumption |
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Total Consumption = Light + Fans + Heater
Total Consumption = 0.6 KWH + 0.84 KWH + 0.28 KWH
Total Consumption = 1.72 KWH (per day)
| Consumption For November |
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Total Consumption For November = 1.72 KWH/day * 30days
Total Consumption For November = 51.6 KWH (units)
| November Bill Calculation |
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The per unit price is 0.15 steem so,
November Bill = 51.6 units * 0.15 steem/unit
November Bill = 7.74 Steem
HT Meter Reading:
| Date | R1(Peak) | R2(Off Peak) | Total KWH |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01-11-2024 | 2625.20 KWH | 9692.81 KWH | 12318.01 |
| 30-11-2024 | 2665.26 KWH | 9825.21 KWH | 12490.47 |
| Peak Rate | 1.5 Steem |
|---|---|
| Off-Peak Rate | 1.0 Steem |
Formula:
R1(Peak)=(2665.26-2625.20)KWH * 18000
R1(Peak)= 40.06 * 18000
R1(Peak)= 721,080
R2(Off Peak)= (9825.21-9692.81)KWH * 18000
R2(Off Peak)= 132.4 * 18000
R2(Off Peak)= 2,383,200
Total KWH = R1 + R2
Total KWH = 721080 + 2383200
Total KWH = 3,104,280
Total KWH = (12490.47-12318.01)KWH = R1 + R2
Total Electricity Bill = R1(Peak) * 0.15
Total Electricity Bill = R1(721,080) * 0.15
Total Electricity Bill = 108,162 [Per Unit cost = 0.15 Steem(Peak)]
Total Electricity Bill = R2(Off Peak) * 0.10
Total Electricity Bill = R2(2,383,200) * 0.10
Total Electricity Bill = 238,320 [Per Unit cost = 0.10 Steem(Off-Peak)]
1 KWH = 1 unit
| Electricity Bill Calculation |
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Peak Charge = R1(Peak) * 1.5
Peak Charge = R1(721,080) * 1.5
Peak Charge = 1,081,620
Off-Peak Charge = R1(Off-Peak) * 1
Off-Peak Charge = R1(2,383,200) * 1
Off-Peak Charge = 2,383,200
My Electricity bill
We have a formula to calculate the amount of power being used by a washing machine, which is listed below.
| Power |
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P = V * I * PF
P stands for power, V stands for voltage, I stands for current, and PF stands for power factors.
Values are given:
V = 220v, I = 20A, and PF = 0.9
Putting values in power formula:
P = 220 * 20 * 0.9
P = 3960W
The washing machine consumes total power = 3960W/3.96KW
| Cable Size |
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The cable size is based on our current and the type of insulation. Generally, for home setups, we consider stranded copper wires with standard insulation.
The wire size we have for a 20 amp circuit is shown here.
Up to a specific distance of 30 meters, we will use 2.5 mm² and at longer distances, we will use a 4.0 mm² for higher safety.
| Size of Circuit Breaker |
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To save the load on our circuit, we need to choose a breaker based on our current rating. A washing machine draws 20 amps, so we need a breaker that can handle the load with some margin.
For a 20 ampere load, we need to use a 20amp circuit breaker.
Thank you so much for staying. Here my task is complete. I would like to invite @josepha, @abdullahw2, @rumaisha to join this contest.
