Characterization of social psychological schools. Contemporary state of social psychology. /part 3/

There is very little research in this world, and the public unprepared for the understanding and practical application of basic sociopsychological laws and prescriptions. The basic principles of social psychology are sociology and psychology, which are fundamental to its birth and development as a science, and from which it uses two basic types of approaches, principles and methods in its early scientific practice: the sociological approach or the psychological approach. The very essence of social psychology as a science, derived from sociology and psychology, and interested in objects in the common field between them, determines the existence of the two basic principles: the first is sociological psychology and the second is psychological social psychology. Accordingly, almost everywhere social psychology develops, there are two main directions, the first one is mainly related to sociological problems and uses sociological methods and means, and the second advantage is the psychological approach

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A large section of social psychology at the Institute of Sociology is functioning in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and another such section is at the Institute of Psychology. In essence, the sociological schools that form sub-directives in sociological psychology are two types: microsolo- logical and macro-sociological. In the first, the main goal is to explore the interaction between individuals. In order to understand the society itself, we leave the individual with his motives and peculiarities. For basic schools at microsolo- logical we can consider:the ethnomethodology of X. Hardingkell, considering the interiors of concepts and rules for defining human behavior in society; the theory of J. Homans for incentives and penalties; role playing theory. Goffman; the theory of group dynamics; symbolic interurbanism and others. Macro-social schools are interested in the general patterns of people's behavior in society. The main theories here are two types: Functionalist and theories of conflict.

More popular directions are: the school of the German sociologist Р. Darendorf; theory of interpersonal conflicts and distributive justice of American M. Doich and others. For psychological social psychology from the very moment of its formation are important gestalt psychology, behaviorism and psychoanalysis. They are the basis of three main psychological trends in research and explanations of sociopsychic phenomena, processes and trends. Later, they become self - serving sociopsychological trends; identify themselves within social psychology by adding other schools. Interestingly, one of the five main approaches to sociology is the psychological approach, along with the other four approaches, which are demographic, cultural, collectivist, interactive. A similar fact is also found in the vast field of psychological science: one of the important approaches to the human psyche is the sociological approach; he takes into account his social dimensions, sees man in the context of his life in society, in the social.

The first school in social psychology is the Romanic founder wasGustave Le Bon- 1896. he published 2 books: "Psychology of the crowd" and "Psychological laws of the development of the peoples". At the beginning of the 20th century, two of his followers wrote the first textbooks on social psychology - 1908 and 1909. These are William McDougall (he takes ideas from Lobon's book about the crowds, according to which the age of the crowds enters. Their emotion dominates and therefore the crowds are irrational, they are easily manipulated, the persons are unified, and therefore the crowd is impersonal. The other is Ross, who deals with the unified collective consciousness.

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