All I really needed to know about games I learned from Gary Gygax’s Dungeons & Dragons:

Robert Fulghum’s little poem “All I really needed to know I learned in kindergarten” has inspired people since the late ‘80s. With compliments to him, here is:

All I needed to know about designing and playing (video) games I learned from Dungeons and Dragons.

As a designer:
• You don't need high-level technology to make an "immersive" game.
• For human/psychological games (as opposed to computer-mediated challenge games), players enjoy the journey, not the destination.
• Some people like to be told stories, others like to make their own.
• The objective is to make the players THINK their characters are going to die, not to kill them.
• We all like to improve.
• User generated content enriches a game immensely. (Adventures, monsters, classes, etc.)

As a player:
• It's more fun with more than one person.
• Cooperation is required for survival.
• Think before you leap.
• Get organized!
• Don't run headlong where you've never been.
• Keep track of the stuff you’ve got; otherwise you may forget something that could save your butt.
• Always have a viable “Plan B”.
• Always have a way out.
• Don’t depend on luck!
R.I.P. Gary Gygax, Dave Arneson.

Now “poems” are rather short for columns, so I’ll break the poet’s rule and explicate:

Many writers have pointed out how much video games owe to Dungeons and Dragons. I confess it didn’t teach me all of these things, as I’d been playing games for many years before I encountered D&D, but the game nonetheless well illustrates these points.

As a designer:
• You don't need high-level technology to make an "immersive" game.
What has been called “techno-fetishism” sometimes dominates the ranks of AAA list game creators, the idea that you have to use technology to make the appearance of a game highly “realistic” in order to let the player feel like he’s really there. I suppose this is partly because video game creators for so many years consisted of programmers who became game makers. In D&D we could feel like we were really there, at times, with nothing but a simple board and 2D pieces. It’s the game, not the technology.

• For human/psychological games (as opposed to computer-mediated challenge games), players enjoy the journey, not the destination.
When people play the interactive puzzles that we typically call one-player video games, their objective is to meet all the challenges posed by the designer(s), to “beat the game”, and then to stop playing! I sometimes wonder if the player enjoys the process. In human-oriented games, the idea is to enjoy the journey, not the destination. In D&D there is no destination, just a journey that continues until the campaign ends or you (the player) die.

• Some people like to be told stories, others like to make their own.
D&D is very flexible. Some referees like to tell stories through the game, what I call “leading people by the nose.” As a player I hate it, it’s a game not a novel, but many others prefer it. I liked to set up a situation, perhaps with a specific objective, and let the players work out what to do, to make their own story. After all, I found, if I tried to predict what the players would do, I’d often be wrong.

• The objective is to make the players THINK their characters are going to die, not to kill them.
So many bad D&D referees get tied up in “holding up the side”, as the British would say, in making sure that the badguys make a really good showing, that they forget the point. The point is not that the badguys do really well, it’s that they do well enough to give the players a scare, and then lose.

• We all like to improve.
D&D was the first major game to include experience levels and “continuous improvement”. It was also one of the first to include lots of interesting individual loot. All this lets the player’s character improve himself, and that’s a major objective in many, many video games.

• User generated content enriches a game immensely. (Adventures, monsters, classes, etc.)
D&D was the perfect non-electronic medium for user-generated content: monsters, magic items, scenarios/adventures, even character classes. It was easy to incorporate such material, in fact at first the referee just about had to make up his own adventures. Yes, sometimes it was pretty awful additions, but sometimes outstanding. As company-generated video-game content becomes more and more expensive in the 21st century, studios need to find more ways to enable users to modify the games and increase their enjoyment.

As a player:
• It's more fun with more than one person.
Traditional video games have been one-person affairs, playing with/against a computer, for decades. Now we’re starting to change that, to where more than one person is involved, and all but the most solitary or anti-social are going to learn that games were originally social affairs, and video games are now joining that tradition

• Cooperation is required for survival.
In the real world, of course, one person on their own in a dangerous situation is often a dead person. The same is true in D&D.

• Think before you leap.
So many poor players seem to have their brains turned off. Nowadays some video games don’t give you time to think, but many do–use it.

• Get organized!
So many adventuring parties fail from sheer lack of organization. D&D showed how much difference “having your stuff together” made.

• Don't run headlong where you've never been.
Well, duh! But it was (and is) amazing how many people would “run away” in a direction they’d never been–and regret it.

• Keep track of the stuff you’ve got; otherwise you may forget something that could save your butt.
When things go bad in D&D, it’s time to look at what you’re carrying, at your magic items and spells, to see if there’s something that will help; otherwise you’ll sometimes forget what you’ve got.

• Always have a viable “Plan B”.
Duh! again. Yet so often players have none. No reloadable saves available in tabletop D&D, so we had to “do things right the first time” (which could itself be a lesson learned).

• Always have a way out.
See above. The fundamental Plan B is getting away to fight another day.

• Don’t depend on luck
When I first saw D&D I said “I hate dice games.” But I discovered that it wasn’t a dice game, played properly. It is a microcosm of life: do everything you practically can to avoid having to rely on a die roll to save your bacon. You won’t always be able to, but you can minimize the number of times you have to life-and-death “roll dem bones.” My favorite example of failure: high-level characters faced a poison-cloud-breathing iron golem. By swapping items the party enabled two clerics to have saves of “2", that is, only a 1 on a d20 would be a failure. Advice to have only one cleric go in, so that the other could neutralize poison if necessary, was ignored. Both rushed in, the golem breathed, both rolled “1's”. Fools. (And there was no “Plan B”. Others killed the golem without further loss, but both clerics were dead, no raise dead available!)