Uses of minerals (Activities)

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All types of mineral raw materials contain valuable components. The amount of content of valuable components in production waste depends on how well they are processed.

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The integrated use of mineral raw materials allows to increase the efficiency of production, increase the range of products, reduce the cost of maintaining the bases of raw materials and prevent environmental contamination by production wastes.

Mineral raw materials for the chemical industry.

A characteristic of the chemical industry is the manufacture of a certain amount of production. Therefore, high quality mineral raw materials for chemicals are the key to the successful development of the industry.

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The main raw materials for the chemical industry are oil and natural gas. Synthetic rubber, plastic, artificial leather, mineral fertilizers and detergents are produced on this mineral raw material.

In the chemical industry, all known types and forms of mineral raw materials are used: mineral, non-metallic and fuel.

Mineral reserves in the chemical industry are divided into two groups:

• Balance: with a high content of useful components.
• Out of balance: low in useful components. Such a group, if any condition changes, can go to the balance group.

Mineral raw materials for building materials.

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• Rocks: they are the main mineral raw materials in the production of construction materials. These rocks are widely used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, metal, concrete, mortars.

• Quartz and its varieties, aluminosilicates, are the main rock-forming minerals. These minerals are characterized by their high strength and toughness, as well as a higher density.

• Deep rocks have high strength, high density and low porosity. Due to these properties, they are widely used in construction.

• Sulfate rocks: gypsum and anhydride are used to obtain binders, sometimes used as a coating material.

• Spilled porous rocks (pumice stone, volcanic tuffs, ashes) are used as a lightweight concrete filler, cement additives, to place walls.

• Secondary (artificial) resources are used successfully in the production of cement, concrete and road works. Sand, gravel and gravel are also used for the preparation of construction mixtures.

Mineral wool

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Mineral wool is the most famous material for thermal insulation. This material is made of molten rock glass and impregnated with water-repellent oil. As a general rule, said insulation is made in the form of plates or mats.

There are several varieties of mineral wool, depending on the raw material from which it is made:

• Glass wool is made of fiberglass, which is obtained by mixing broken glass and minerals (sand, dolomite, limestone).

• The slag is made of blast furnace slag.

• Rock wool It is made of molten gabbro - basalt rocks.

• Basalt cotton For the manufacture of cotton, use gabbro and diabasa. Basalt wool does not contain blast furnace slag or additives.

Mineral waters

Natural mineral waters are groundwater in which there is a high content of biologically active components and that have special physicochemical properties. Due to its unique composition, mineral water can be used both internally and as an external therapeutic agent.

Natural mineral water is rainwater that has accumulated over thousands of years in different layers of terrestrial rocks. During this time, mineral substances dissolve in it and the deeper the water is, the more it is purified and the more carbon dioxide and nutrients it receives.

Natural mineral water consists of six main components:

• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Chlorine;
• Sodium
• Sulfate;
• Baking soda
• Water receives its name due to the predominance of any of the six elements (chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate).

Mineral market demand

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Mineral raw materials are a depleted natural resource. The developed field cannot recover, and the development of a new one entails certain difficulties. Insufficient mineral resources affect the economy of mineral raw materials, forming an increase in the prices of raw materials whose resources are limited. But many types of mineral natural resources are interchangeable. In this case, the market for cheap products will develop.

Many industrial companies began replacing expensive products with cheap products:

• natural gas displaces coal and fuel oil;
• Platinum is replaced by palladium and rhenium;
• synthetic replaced natural piezoelectric quartz.

The replacement of natural mineral resources is not always due to price. For example, in areas where there are no crushed stone deposits, it is replaced with expanded clay pellets.

Activities:

1. What are the main raw materials for the chemical industry?
2. Explain how mineral reserves are divided in the chemical industry?
3. What raw material is used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, metal, concrete and mortars?
4. What is the mineral lama used for?
5. What are the main components of natural mineral water?

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