這篇文章譯自 “An Introduction of Ubiq – an Enterprise-Aimed Fork of Ethereum”原文作者是Marko Šuver 。

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What is Ubiq? Where does it come from? Why would anyone be interested in it?

什麼是Ubiq？它從何而來？為什麼有人會對此感興趣？

In this article we’ll go through Ubiq’s platform, its cryptocurrency, its birth which occurred on the “distant” 28th of January 2017, and why anyone would potentially choose Ubiq over a giant like Ethereum.

在這篇文章中，我們將介紹Ubiq的平台，它的加密貨幣，它誕生的過程(Ubiq誕生於“遙遠的”2017年1月28日)以及為什麼任何人都可以像選擇Ethereum一樣選擇Ubiq。

What is Ubiq

什麼是Ubiq？

Ubiq is a decentralized platform based on Ethereum with upgraded levels of security and stability. The main purpose of the Ubiq platform is:

Ubiq是一個基於Ethereum的去中心化平台，它具有更高的安全性和穩定性。 Ubiq平台的主要目標是：

programming smart contracts in Solidity

• 以“Solidity” 編寫智能合約；

creation of dApps on its blockchain (we’ll explain later in the article),

• 在其區塊鏈上創建去中心化應用程序(dApps)―稍後將在本文中解釋；

to offer a stable and secure blockchain solution for enterprises and start-ups.

• 為企業和初創企業提供穩定可靠的區塊鏈解決方案。

The platform was created as a fork of Ethereum – an action which isn’t frowned upon (it’s even encouraged for the sake of decentralization of the crypto world as a whole). A hard fork happens when a new version of the protocol can’t work with the existing one. In that case, there are two solutions:

這個平台作為Ethereum的一個分支而創建 – 這個分叉行動並没有受到人們阻止（這個分支甚至因為有利於整個加密世界的去中心化理念而受到鼓勵）。當新版本的協議無法使用現有協議時，將會發生硬分叉。在這種情況下，有兩個解決方案：

The development team that suggested the change in the protocol creates a new cryptocurrency (as we saw with Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Cash / Gold)

1. 建議協議變更的開發團隊創建一種新的加幣貨幣（如同Bitcoin Core和Bitcoin Cash / Gold一樣）

The upgraded protocol considers old blocks invalid and they are simply not accepted by the blockchain

1. 升級的協議將舊的區塊視作無效的區塊，舊的區塊不會被新的區塊鏈所接受

Ubiq (UBQ) is also the name of the cryptocurrency which is a mean of payment in the case of execution of smart contracts.

Ubiq（UBQ）也是加密貨幣的名稱,它是執行智能合約時的付款方式。

The first name of the cryptocurrency was Coinmarketscoin which was created on September 2nd, 2014. It was based on the scrypt-PoW consensus. On October 23rd, 2014 it became Jumbucks, which was based on Proof of Stake and gained acceptance from the community shortly thereafter. Various developers contributed with their ideas, improved the platform, and made its decentralization possible.

這個加密貨幣是在2014年9月2日創建的，它的第一個名字是Coinmarketscoin，Coinmarketscoin是基於scrypt-PoW共識的。 2014年10月23日，它成為了基於PoS的Jumbucks，並在此後不久獲得社區的認可。很多開發者貢獻了他們的想法，改進了平台，並使其去中心化成為可能。

Jumbucks had existed until January 28th, 2017 when it evolved into Ubiq, which uses the PoWconsensus. The change happened because Jumbucks was based on Shadowcoin, which was based on Blackcoin, which was based on Peercoin… The problem was obvious: there were too many dependencies which resulted in lower stability and general safety. Also, the switch to PoW has enabled people to mine Ubiq instead of staking Jumbucks in PoS. Everyone who owned any JBS had the opportunity (and still does) to swap them for Ubiq in the ratio of 1:10. Ubiq was the shift to Ethereum’s protocol.

直到2017年1月28日，Jumbucks演變成使用PoW共識的Ubiq。發生這種變化是因為Jumbucks是基於Shadowcoin的，而Shadowcoin基於Blackcoin， Blackcoin又基於Peercoin……這樣問題是顯而易見的：有太多的依賴關係導致了穩定性和安全性的降低。此外，轉向PoW使人們能夠挖掘Ubiq，而不是因為PoS機制而持有Jumbucks。任何擁有Jumbucks(JBS)的人都有機會（而且現時仍可以）以1:10的比例兌換Ubiq。 Ubiq改變了Ethereum的協議。

The reason for moving was the ability to build decentralized apps with very high stability that can communicate with each other, which offers a great level of interoperability.

改變的原因是Ubiq具有建立可交互的，非常高穩定性的去中心化應用程序的能力，這種能力提供了很大的互操作性。

A decentralized application, or dApp (pronounced dee-app, like e-mail) currently doesn’t have one strict definition. In short, it all comes down to a few basic points:

去中心化應用程序，或dApp（發音為dee-app）目前沒有一個嚴格的定義。簡單地說，這一切可歸結為幾個基本點：

The application must be completely autonomous, and the execution of its logic needs to happen in a decentralized manner on multiple nodes simultaneously. The application may adapt its protocol in response to proposed improvements but all changes must be decided by consensus of its users/miners (in this case we do not take into consideration those tokens which can’t be mined/staked).

• 應用程序必須完全自主，並且其邏輯執行需要在多個節點上同時以分散的方式進行。應用程序可以根據建議的改進來適應其協議，但所有更改必須由其用戶/礦工以協商一致的方式決定（在這種情況下，我們不考慮那些不能被開採/持幣生利息的代幣）；

All data must be cryptographically stored on the public, decentralized blockchain.

• 所有數據必須以加密方式存儲在公共的分散的區塊鏈上；

A decentralized application must use a cryptographic token (cryptocurrency) so there can be an exchange of value on the platform, and to reward miners for discovering blocks and maintaining the system.

• 去中心化應用程序必須使用加密代幣（加幣貨幣），以便在平台上進行價值交換，並為礦工提供發現區塊和維護系統的獎勵。
  

In order to build a dApp on Ubiq’s platform, it has to satisfy all of the above.

在Ubiq的平台上構建的dApp必須滿足上述所有的要求。

Ubiq has a well-developed monetary policy which controls the rate of inflation with which they made sure that mining can never become a fee-only market. Ubiq uses a difficulty algorithm which adjusts itself depending on the hash rate by analyzing the timestamps of the previous 2 hours’ worth of blocks which leads to an average block time of 88 seconds.

Ubiq具有健全的貨幣政策來控制通貨膨脹率，以確保採礦業永遠不會成為只收費的市場。Ubiq使用可根據Hash率進行調整的難度算法，該算法通過分析前2小時的塊的時間戳進行難度調整使得平均出塊時間達到88秒。

How to get Ubiq?

如何獲得Ubiq?

Ubiq was made without an ICO which means that it’s not outside of legal boundaries (let’s recall the China ban). Also, it wasn’t premined. A lot of developers premine their cryptocurrency hoping for a fast profit. If Ubiq’s developers want to get a hold of any Ubiq they have to go online and buy some on the exchanges or mine it like everyone else. It is currently available on Bittrex, Cryptopia, UpBit, and Litebit.

Ubiq沒有進行ICO，這意味著它不違法（中國對ICO的禁令言猶在耳吧）。
此外，這個項目没有預挖。許多開發人員預挖他們開發的加密貨幣以便快速獲得收益。如果Ubiq的開發者想要獲得Ubiq，他們必須去網上交易所購買，或像其他人一樣去開採。Ubiq目前可在Bittrex，Cryptopia，UpBit和Litebit.eu交易所上交易。

Development Team

開發團隊

In order for everything to work smoothly, there are 3 developers and a community manager on the official team. Unofficially, there are a lot of developers, enthusiasts, and hobbyists that contribute to the network with their unique skillsets, sharp minds, and great will.

為了這個項目可以順利進行，官方團隊有3名開發人員和1名社區經理人。就非官方團隊而言，有很多開發人員和愛好者以其獨特的技能，聰敏的才智和巨大的毅力為網絡做出了貢獻。

Ubiq vs. Ethereum

For those already involved in the crypto world, you must be wondering what the difference between Ethereum and Ubiq is? Why would anyone choose Ubiq over Ethereum?

對於那些已經參與到加密技術世界的人來說，你一定想知道Ethereum和Ubiq之間的區別是什麼吧？為什麼有人會選擇Ubiq而不是Ethereum呢？

Imagine the following: you are the owner of a big pharma company. You read about the blockchainand Ethereum on our site, and you liked the concept. You came upon the idea that you could store all your data about every drug from the moment of order, the product’s manufacturing process, and all the way to the doors of drug stores and hospitals. Everything would be known, tamper-proof, and reliable. You would even use smart contracts for payments and Ethereum’s platform looks like the best choice. Or is it?

想像一下：你是一家大型製藥公司的老闆。你在我們的網站上知道了區塊鏈和Ethereum，你喜歡這個概念。你的想法是你可以存儲有關每種藥物的所有數據。有關數據從接到訂單時開始，包括產品的製造過程以及送達藥店和醫院途中的所有內容。一切都是透明的，不可篡改和可靠的。你甚至可以使用智能合約付款，而Ethereum的平台看起來是最佳選擇。但它眞的是最佳選擇嗎?

Disclaimer: it’s not in anyone’s interest to put one cryptocurrency ahead of the other. The whole point of decentralization is to give everyone as many options as they can have so that the user can find one that fits their exact needs. Here we will only show the difference between Ubiq and Ethereum.

免責聲明：以一種加密貨幣貶低另一種加密貨幣是沒有任何意義的。去中心化的要點是給予每個人盡可能多的選擇，以便用戶可以找到符合其確切需求的選項。在這裡，我們只是指出Ubiq和Ethereum之間的區別。

In 2016, Ethereum had a bug in the code of a smart contract which resulted in a loss of funds. The case is known as the DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) incident and the amount that was lost was a staggering ~$50 million. Slock.it is a German company that presented its whitepaper in 2016 and their main idea was to make a decentralized investment fund on the Ethereum network that could be accessed by anyone owning Ether which would then be exchanged for the DAO token. The community would vote on what projects to invest in, and the vote would have power in proportion to the number of tokens held.

2016年，Ethereum的智能合約代碼中出現了一個bug，因而導致了資金的損失。這個案例被稱為DAO（去中心化自治組織）事件，該事件損失的金額是驚人的，達到了5,000萬美元。Slock.it是一家德國公司，它在2016年發佈了白皮書。其主要內容是在Ethereum網絡上建立一個去中心化投資基金，任何擁有ETH的人都可以訪問該基金，然後將其兌換為DAO代幣。社區投票決定投資什麼項目，投票權重將與持有的代幣數量成正比。

When a hacker decided to abuse the detected bug to syphon funds away, panic emerged.

當一個黑客決定濫用檢測到的bug來將資金卷走時，恐慌就出現了。

The community accepted the following solution: do a contentious fork and enable a full refund. That idea was accepted by 97% of the community, and the other 3% were against it because it violates the fundamental principles of decentralization and blockchain technology – the immutability of the ledger.

社區接受以下解決方案：執行一個有爭議的分叉並全額退款。這個想法被97%社區的人接受，另外3%的人反對，因為它違反了去中心化和區塊鏈技術的基本原則 ― 帳本的不可改變特性。

This is one of the most well-known examples of instability which drove some enterprises away from blockchain technology.

這是著名的區塊鏈技術不穩定的例子之一，這件事使一些企業遠離了區塊鏈技術。

Ethereum works in the way that developers first test the upgrade on the testnet, and then it gets deployed to the mainnet, but the true testing only happens once it’s on the mainnet because it then becomes appealing to hackers – the value is real.

Ethereum的工作原理是開發人員首先在測試網絡(testnet)上測試升級，然後將其部署到主網絡(mainnet)上，但只有在主網絡上才能實現真正的測試，因為主網絡上的價值才是真實的，黑客只會對主網絡的價值感興趣。

Ubiq guaranties stability, a bug-free environment and almost all upgrades from Ethereum after they’ve been made foolproof. Ethereum’s network is in a constant alpha-stage which isn’t the case with Ubiq. When an Ethereum upgrade goes to the mainnet and gets truly tested by both good and bad parties, Ubiq can implement those upgrades into its own network.

Ubiq保證提供穩定，無bug的環境，它幾乎所有的性能升級都來自於Ethereum中已被證實絕對可靠的部分。Ethereum的網絡處於不斷的Alpha階段，而Ubiq並不是這樣。當Ethereum的升級部署到主網絡並通過正面及負面的，充分的測試時，Ubiq可以將這些升級實現到自己的網絡中。

It should be noted that Ubiq’s developers don’t just stand on the sidelines and wait for Ethereum to develop something new, they also work on very interesting solutions of their own.

應該指出的是，Ubiq的開發人員不僅僅是站在一邊，等待Ethereum開發新的東西，他們也在研發自己的有趣的解決方案。

Some Ubiq Tokens and Projects

Ubiq 的項目及其代幣

Tokens on the Ubiq network:

Ubiq 網絡的代幣有以下這些：
 Qwark
 APX
 GeoCoin
 DotCoin
 BitSeeds (即將推出)
 Sphere (即將推出)

These use Ubiq’s blockchain because of the stability it guarantees, which is the number one priority in enterprise. For those companies, it’s also more cost effective to use Ubiq’s blockchain instead of maintaining their own.

這些項目使用Ubiq的區塊鏈技術，因為它保證了穩定性，這是企業的首要任務。對於這些公司，使用Ubiq的區塊鏈技術比維護自己的區塊鏈更具成本效益。

In the case of Ubiq, stagnation is not an option. Here are some projects being developed:

Ubiq從不會停滯不前,以下是一些正在開發的項目：

• Pyrus

Pyrus online wallet; MyEtherWallet fork, can be used to make a paper wallet

Pyru是一個在線錢包,它是MyEtherWallet的分支，可以用來生成一個物理錢包。

• Ledger nano S integration

• Ledger nano S 集成
  使Ledger nano S(一款冷錢包)支持Ubiq的工作正在進行中。

• Sparrow

Sparrow; fork of MetaMask, enables access to Ubiq’s dApps through a Chrome add-on

Sparrow是MetaMask的分支，Sparrow可以使用戶通過Chrome的附加組件訪問Ubiq的dApps

• Signum

Signum; secure access device on the Ubiq blockchain; The system uses data points collected through NFC, RFID and 13 data points from a user’s fingerprint to assemble and broadcast a unique transaction. The Artesia project is the first beta tester of the technology, they are a real estate and equity management platform.

Signum可以確保在Ubiq區塊鏈上安全訪問設備。該系統使用通過NFC，RFID和13個從用戶指紋獲得的數據點來組合和廣播唯一的交易。
Artesia是一個房地產和資產管理平台，Artesia項目是Signum的第一個測試者。

Geno Genesis is a supply chain management tool being developed for the medicinal marijuana industry. The goal for this tool is to ensure the integrity of legal and authorized supply chains. Signum devices will be used by growers and lab technicians with a mobile app for identity management further down the supply chain.

Geno Genesis是為藥用大麻工業開發的供應鏈管理工具。該工具的目標是確保整個供應鏈是合法且得到適當授權的。Signum設備將通過移動應用程序(mobile app)的形式供種植者和實驗室技術人員使用，以便進一步對供應鏈進行身份認證管理。

Conclusion

結論

Ubiq isn’t like other forks of Ethereum. It offers security, stability, a dynamically adjustable difficultyalgorithm, and relatively simple contract writing. The main goal of Ubiq is to be an enterprise-ready blockchain solution, but to be that it still has to make its mark on the market.

和Ethereum的其他分支不同的是，Ubiq提供安全、穩定、難度動態可調的算法和相對簡單的智能合約編寫方式。Ubiq的主要目標是成為一個企業級的區塊鏈解決方案，為實現目標，它仍然需要在市場上佔有一席之地。

Are you exposed to Ubiq? What are your thoughts about it?

現在，你己經了解Ubiq了嗎？你對Ubiq有什麼想法呢？

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這篇文章譯自 Marko Šuver 於2017/10/28在bitfalls 上發表的“An Introduction of Ubiq – an Enterprise-Aimed Fork of Ethereum”。感謝原作者!原文鏈接如下:

This post was translated from Marko Šuver’s article “An Introduction of Ubiq – an Enterprise-Aimed Fork of Ethereum”. Thank you, Marko Šuver! The link is:

https://bitfalls.com/2017/10/28/introduction-ubiq-enterprise-aimed-fork-ethereum/

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