腐蚀电化学(1)

in #cn-stem4 years ago

写一些自己的主要方向吧,虽然可能在乎的人不多,不过还是可以以后给自己看看的。


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金属的腐蚀很大一部分都是电化学过程,电化学反应主要有三个同时进行的子过程,即阳极反应,阴极反应和电流的流动 [1]。下面简单介绍一下这三个子过程。

阳极反应,这里是金属腐蚀的区域,即金属失去电子,变成金属离子或者金属氧化物。比如Fe变成Fe^3+。
阴极反应,这里的反应是吸收了阳极区的电子,也是还原反应,比较常见的是氧气还原成阳离子即O_2 变成 O^2+;或者氢离子变成氢气,即H+变成 H_2。
电流的流动,这里主要是阳极和阴极需要连接起来,一般的金属腐蚀,阳极和阴极在同一金属的不同位置。即本身阳极和阴极就是连接了起来的。

主要的腐蚀电池类型就有电偶电池,浓差电池,温差电池和杂散电流电池 [2]。

电偶电池,一般是由不同的金属构成的。不同的金属在同一环境里会产生不同的自然点位,由于电势差,造成了电子流动的倾向,就会产生电化学反应。
浓差电池,一般来说,同一金属部件不同部位在溶液中会跟不同浓度的环境接触。这些不同的环境,比如溶解氧浓度的不同,也会造成金属产生不同的点位,从而引起电化学反应。
温差电池的原理和浓差一样,只是不同温度引起的点位差。
杂散电流则为外界电流流入产生了的腐蚀反应。

罗嗦了这么多,大佬不知道会不会高兴啊。加上两个参考文献吧。。。。

[1] https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_Chem1_(Lower)/16%3A_Electrochemistry/24.08%3A_Electrochemical_Corrosion
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion

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看到这个又想起来初中和高中时候做实验的场景了。


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哈哈,我高中没怎么做实验,反而之后一直做。。。。

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