RE: Deception and deprivation of liberty in the plant world. / Täuschung und Freiheitsberaubung im Pflanzenreich.
Excellent sir very good article, told you about the life of the bees, how they have to do their task while facing difficulties and they become victims of spiders & other insects but polarization of bees keeps the plants alive & play a vital role in sustaining the planet’s ecosystems. Some 84% of the crops grown for human consumption – around 400 different types of plants – need bees and other insects to pollinate them to increase their yields and quality. These include most fruits and vegetables. Bees are industrious pollinators because they have co-evolved with flowering plants over millions of years. The bees need the flowers for food, while the flower needs the bee to reproduce.
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I guess the English language of this article is kind if a hurdle maybe, but it is about a plant species which imitates the smell of attacked bees to attract flies ...
Ohh Sorry Sir, in future read carefully and comment further, have a very good topic but got a little confusion on.
Let me explain it in short:
The flies are attracted to the scent of dying bees.
A certain plant imitates the smell of the bees to attract the flies. The flies get caught in the flowers of this plant so that they pollinate it.
Four to six percent of plants, distributed over different angiosperm families, entice pollinators by deception. In these systems, chemical mimicry is often used as an efficient way to exploit the olfactory preferences of flies for the pur-pose of attracting them as pollinators. Here, we report a very specific type of chemical mimicry of a food source. Ceropegia sandersonii (Apo-cynaceae), a deceptive South African plant with pitfall flowers, mimics attacked honeybees. We identified kleptoparasitic Desmometopa flies (Mili-chiidae) as the main pollinators of C. sandersonii. These flies are well known to feed on honeybees that are eaten by spiders, which we thus predicted as the model chemically mimicked by the plant. Indeed, we found that the floral scent of C. Sandersonii is comparable to volatiles released from honeybees when under simulated attack. Moreover, many of these shared compounds elicited physiological responses in antennae of pollinating Desmometopa flies. A mixture of four compounds—geraniol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanol, and (E)-2-octen-1-yl acetate was highly attractive to the flies. We conclude that C. sandersonii is specialized on kleptoparasitic fly pollinators by deploying volatiles linked to the flies’ food source, i.e., attacked and/or freshly killed honeybees. The blend of compounds emitted by C. Sandersonii is unusual among flowering plants and lures kleptoparasitic flies into the trap flowers. This study describes a new example of how a plant can achieve pollination through chemical mimicry of the food sources of adult carnivorous flies.
What about backing all this with any source?