Thrombo angiitis obliterans(TAO)

Hello everyone,today i would like to share a topic that i studied yesterday with u all.just go through it...
Thrombo angiitis obliterans is also called as buerger's disease.it is a rare disease that affects both arteries and veins,so we called as angiitis.here angiitis means inflammation of both veins and arteries.they become swell and are blocked by thrombus.
It is one of the important cause for peripheral artery diease.it mainly affects males compared with females.the susceptible age group is <40 years,so mostly elder people.smokers can easily get this disease thats why this disease is confined to elders.
Cerbral,visceral and coronary arteries are rarely affected by this diesaese.as this diesase mainly affects distal vessels,claudication is usually confined to the calves and feet or the forearm and hands.in severe digital ischaemia,trophic nail changes,painful ulcerations and gangrene may develop at finger or toes tips.
On physical examination, there will be reduced or absent radial,ulnar,and or tibial pulses but shows normal brachial or popliteal pulses.
For diagnosis magnetic resonance angiography(MRA),computed tomographic angiography(CTA),and conventional arteriography are used.the diagnosis is confirmed by excitional biopsy and pathological examination of the involved vessel.
There is no specific treatment for this disease.but stopping of smoking may give better results.antibiotics may be useful.anticoagulants and glucocorticoids are not helpful.bypass of large arteries may be done in selected instances.if all measures fail,then amputation may done.
My advice is -"plz dont smoke, or stop smoking if you are on it"
"Your health is in your hands"
Thanks for reading
Yours @summisimeon