《权力的游戏》中红袍女巫的历史原型竟然是她！

题图：Cheva用AI创作

说到美剧《权力的游戏》，可以说是一部高山一般的存在了，虽然最后烂尾了。但它的前几部，因为是由小说做基础的，还是称得上经典。之所以《权力的游戏》和它的原著小说第一副主题的故事这么好看，还是应了那句话，现实比虚构更加精彩。而虚构的故事要像精彩必须来源于现实。而《权力的游戏》中的故事情节大多有其历史事件的原型，而人物也能够在西方的历史上找到对应的真实历史原型。小说的整个历史框架应该是参照的英国历史上著名的玫瑰战争即南开斯特家族，族徽是红玫瑰，和约克家族，族徽是白玫瑰，争夺英国王位的历史故事。而这两大家族应该就是对应的剧中的狼家史塔克家族和狮子家兰尼斯特家族。

但是除了故事的主要人物之外还有一个令人印象深刻的人物，就是红袍女巫梅丽珊卓。看了一个B站UP主的《权游》粉丝的解析视频，分析了这位角色的历史原型，虽然出乎意料，但是她的解释也可以说是天衣无缝。梅丽珊卓是一个来自东方大陆的女巫，她的信仰和维斯特洛大陆上主流的七神信仰并不一样，而是一种类似拜火教的一神教信仰。她也具有魔法，能够从火中看到未来，她的唯一目的就是要找到并辅佐她从火焰的启示中看到的未来的七国国王登上王位。这样一位有着执着的宗教狂热，而且会魔法的女巫，在《权力的游戏》剧情中的形象亦正亦邪，给人的感觉甚至更偏向邪恶一边。这样的人物她的历史原型是谁呢？

说出来也许会让你大吃一惊，那就是大名鼎鼎的圣女贞德。圣女贞德在法国人看来是拯救法兰西的民族英雄，但是相同的人物从不同阵营的视角来看，观感是不一样的。如果从英国人一方来看，那就非常符合乔治·马丁对红袍女巫师梅丽珊卓的描述了。首先，貞德是被英国人当成女巫烧死的身份和梅丽珊卓对得上。其次，贞德也和美丽珊卓一样，声称自己受到了上帝的启示，要辅佐自己心目中的王子登上法国国王的宝座。

不过，这就要从英法百年战争的起因说起了其实，在封建制的欧洲，各个王族之间的联姻是非常普遍的，英法两国的王室也不例外。一次，法国的老国王去世之后，他没有儿子，这时英国的国王声称自己的母亲是原来的法国公主，是驾崩国王的亲妹妹。按照继承的顺序，他也可以继承法国的王位，如果这一要求得到满足，那么世界上将不会存在法兰西了。就像英国历史上的伊丽莎白女王，没有子嗣。由有亲戚关系的苏格兰国王汤姆士继承了她的王位，从此苏格兰和英格兰就成了联合国王。法国的贵族当然不会同意这种要求，于是他们立了死去国王的弟弟，成为新的法国国王。为此英国国王对法国发动了战争，声称要夺取应该属于自己的王位。

这场战争打了很多年，双方死伤惨重，中间还经历了黑死病大流行，而且经历了几代英国和法国国王，到了圣女贞德的年代，战争仍未结束。但是英国在战争中占据了明显的优势，连巴黎都在英军的控制之下，而这时法国的老国王去世，法国的王位继承问题又出现了，而且这时连法国的大部分领土已经被英国占领，只要当时的英国国王能够按照王位继承传统完成相关的手续和仪式，就能合法的继承法国王位。英法两国就能合并成一个国家了。或者说法国也就算亡国了。但是好巧不巧，这个时候英国的老国王也去世了，这就给法国人制造了一次窗口。但是当时英国的士气正高，控制范围广，如果没有圣女贞德的出现，法国人是抓不住这次机会的。

圣女贞德本来是一个放羊女，突然有一天，她声称自己受到了上帝的启示，上帝派出天使告诉她，法国的王子亨利才是将来真正的法国国王，需要她的帮助登上王位。一般人也把这当成胡言乱语了，甚至是被魔鬼附身。但是好在贞德平常里都表现得对上帝非常虔诚，所以周围的人没有这么想，只是认为她陷入宗教狂热。由于局势危急，法国的将领也只能死马当活马医，向法王子亨利引荐了圣女贞德王子。为了测试贞德，王子故意化妆躲在人群中，找了一个假扮的人坐在宝座之上，结果贞德没有上当，从人群中认出了王子。这有如神迹一般的表演，有可能是他们事先安排好的。总之，从此法军对贞德声称的启示深信不疑，士气大振，连战连捷，先解奥尔良之围，后夺取了兰斯。按照法国的传统，法国国王必须在兰斯的大教堂进行加冕这样一来，就杜绝了英国国王继承法国王位的可能性。亨利也乘英国新王即位，根基不稳的时机，在兰斯大教堂加冕为法国国王。实现了贞德所说的启示。

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When it comes to the US TV series "Game of Thrones", it can be said that it is a mountain of existence, although it is finally broken. But its first few books, because they are based on novels, are still classics. The reason why "Game of Thrones" and its original novel the first subtheme of the story is so good, or should be the saying, reality is more wonderful than fiction. And for a fictional story to be good, it has to come from reality. Most of the plots in Game of Thrones have archetypes of historical events, and the characters can also find real historical archetypes in Western history. The whole historical framework of the novel should be based on the famous Wars of the Roses in English history, that is, the family of South aster, whose crest is the red rose, and the family of York, whose crest is the white rose, fighting for the throne of England. And these two families should be the corresponding Wolf family Stark family and lion family Lannister family.

But in addition to the main characters of the story there is another impressive character, the Red witch Melisandre. Watched a video analysis of the main "Game of Thrones" fan, analyzed the historical prototype of the character, although unexpected, but her explanation can also be said to be seamless. Melisandre is a witch from the eastern continent, her belief and Westeros on the mainstream of the seven God faith is not the same, but a similar to Zoroastrianism monotheism. She also has magic and can see the future from fire, and her sole purpose is to find and assist the future king of the Seven Kingdoms, whom she sees in the revelation of fire, to the throne. Such a persistent religious fanaticism, and magic witch, in the "Game of Thrones" plot image is also good and evil, giving people the feeling of even more evil side. Who is the historical model of such a figure?

It may surprise you to know that it is the famous Joan of Arc. In the eyes of the French, Joan of Arc is the national hero who saved France, but the same figure looks and feels different from the perspective of different camps. If you look at it from the British side, it fits very well with George Martin's description of Melisandre the Red witch. First of all, Joan was burned as a witch by the English and Melisandre is a match. Second, like Sandra, Joan claims to have been inspired by God to help her prince ascend to the throne of France.

However, this starts with the cause of the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France. In fact, in feudal Europe, marriages between royal families were very common, and the royal families of Britain and France were no exception. Once, after the old king of France had died without a son, the King of England claimed that his mother was the princess of France, the sister of the dead king. In the order of succession, he may also inherit the throne of France, and if this claim is satisfied, there will be no France in the world. Like Queen Elizabeth in British history, she had no children. She was succeeded by King Thomas of Scotland, who was related to her, and Scotland and England became united Kings. The nobles of France, of course, would not agree to this demand, so they made the brother of the dead king the new king of France. So the king of England went to war with France, claiming to take the throne that was rightfully his.

The war lasted many years, with many casualties on both sides, the Black Death in between, and generations of English and French Kings, and it was still going on in the time of Joan of Arc. However, the British occupied a clear advantage in the war, and even Paris was under the control of the British army. At this time, the old king of France died, and the problem of succession of the French throne appeared again. At this time, most of the territory of France had been occupied by the British, so long as the British king could complete the relevant procedures and ceremonies in accordance with the throne succession tradition, he could legally inherit the French throne. England and France would be united into one country. Or France will be lost. But unfortunately, the old king of England had also died at this time, and this created a window for the French. But the English morale was high and the control was wide, and the French would not have seized the opportunity without Joan of Arc.

Joan of Arc was a shepherd girl, but one day she claimed that she had received a revelation from God, who sent an angel to tell her that Prince Henry of France was the real king of France and needed her help to ascend the throne. Most people think it's gibberish, or even demonic possession. But the good news is that Joan was usually very pious to God, so the people around her did not think so, just think that she was in religious fanaticism. Due to the critical situation, the French general can only be a dead horse as a living horse doctor, and introduced Prince Joan of Arc to Prince Henry of France. In order to test Joan, the prince deliberately disguised himself in the crowd and found a pretend person to sit on the throne, but Joan was not fooled and recognized the prince from the crowd. This miraculous performance may have been prearranged by them. In short, from now on, the French army believed Joan of Arc's claims of enlightenment, and their morale was lifted, first by the siege of Orleans, then by the capture of Reims. According to French tradition, the king of France must be crowned in the cathedral of Reims, thus eliminating the possibility of an English king succeeding to the French throne. Henry was also crowned King of France in Reims Cathedral at a time when the new king of England was on shaky ground. Fulfilling the revelation that Joan of Arc spoke of.