👿👿Koilonychia👿👿

😫😫WHAT IS KOILONYCHIA?
😫😫কোইলোনাইকিয়া কি?

It is a disorder in which nail is concave or spoon shaped.

👿👿Causes (কারনসমূহ):

1. Iron deficiency anaemia (commonest cause).
2. Others (rare)— – Trauma (rarely in garage mechanics, who regularly fit tyres). – Thyrotoxicosis. – Fungal infection. – Raynaud’s disease. Mechanism of Koilonychia Unknown, probably results from slow growth of nail plate.

👿👿Stages of Koilonychia •
Dryness, brittleness and ridging (first stage). • Flattening and thinning (second stage). • Spooning or concavity (third stage).

👿👿PVS It is the combination of— • Iron deficiency anaemia. • Dysphagia (due to postcricoid web secondary to epithelial degeneration). • Glossitis. It is also called Paterson–Brown–Kelly syndrome, common in women. Cause unknown. There is constriction in the upper oesophageal sphincter in the postcricoid region, which appears radiologically as a web. This web may be asymptomatic or may produce dysphagia. It may be difficult to see endoscopically. Rarely, there is increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment of Plummer-Vinson Syndrome • Iron therapy. • If severe anaemia—blood transfusion. • Rarely, endoscopic dilatation may be required.
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