过去分词做后置定语详解
过去分词做后置定语详解
【后置定语】汉语和英语不同，汉语的定语全部都是前置定语，也就是放在被修饰的名词前⾯，所以称为前置定语。但是，英语既有前置定语，⼜有后置定语，特别是过去分词做后置定语，对于中国学⽣来说，有点难以掌握。
【分词做定语】要注意以下三个特点：
- 过去分词短语做后置定语⽐较好掌握，也就是过去分词带有⾃⼰的副词或介词构成短语。少数时候带有逻辑主语的主语补⾜语。
The story well known to us all is Sima Guang.
The snake killed in the field was picked up by a boy.
The book written by Lu Xun is taught in class.
The boy called Tom is my brother.
单个的过去分词⼀般只能做前置定语，很少做后置定语。
但是某些单个的过去分词可以做后置定语；学习⽅法是：记住某些少数单词；有时同⼀个过去分词既能做前置定语，也能做后置定语，但是含义有区别。
（given used adopted concerned gained left received seen heard shown provided）
The boats used are beautifully painted and decorated with flowers of all colors.
所使⽤的船漆得很漂亮⽽且被各种颜⾊的花所装饰。
This is a used cell phone. 这是⼀部旧⼿机
【过去分词短语做后置定语是普遍现象】
注意：过去分词主要含有被动的含义，它主要是表被动，表完成。要学好过去分词短语做后置定语，就得学过被动语态和定语从句。被动语态做后置定语的句⼦改写成短语，就是过去分词短语。这样就特别好理解，也容易掌握。
【单个的过去分词做前置定语也是普遍现象】这个很好掌握，只要注意：过去分词表完成、表被动有可以了。
the developed countries 发达国家; (the developing countries发展中的国家）
well-trained policemen 训练有素的警察
man-made satellites ⼈造卫星;
invited people 被邀请的⼈
We only sell used books. 我们只卖⽤过的书。
【难点1】单个的过去分词做后置定语。学习⽅法是：死记某些单词和句型。
- 名词前有only，very，the first，the last等词或有形容词最⾼级时，分词放在名词后。
This is the farthest place seen.这是能看到的最远地⽅。
That is the very thing wanted .那正是所需要的东西。
This is the only machine required.这是唯⼀需要的机器。
- 在there be句型中，分词放在名词后。
@八卦鹏海13
There was no time left. 剩下了没有时间了。
There are some students injured.有⼀些学⽣受伤了。
- 分词修饰代词时，放在代词后。
Who is the one killed？被杀的那⼈是谁？
【难点2】少数过去分词既可以做前置定语，也可以做前置定语，但是含义有区别。
The method used is very efficient（运⽤的，使⽤的）
This is a used bike.（旧的）
⼤多数被邀请参加会议的⼈
The glass broken by my son has been swept away. 被我⼉⼦打破的玻璃已经扫⾛了。
Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly. 以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发⽣很⼤变化。
(Hangzhou, which is known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.)
This will be the best novel of its kindread by me.
The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired.
所有打破的窗⼦都已被修好。
In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground. 秋天地上有许多落叶。
The Town Hall completed in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
“Things lostnever come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award (“绿⾊中国年度⼈物奖”), a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
The repairs cost a lot, but it’s the moneywell spent.
The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.
Make sentences using the words given. Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?
The woman selling vegetables has gone
Did you attend the meeting held yesterday ?
The road was covered with fallen leaves.
This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.
We must keep a secret of the thingsbeing discussed here.
The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandma's death.
Let’s try the bookstore opened last month.
Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.
The three guns stolen from the police stations were found in the house.
I don't like going to supermarkets located in the centre of the town.
You will have chances to improve your spokenEnglish in the courses provided.
There is no more time left.
【答题诀窍】⼀个句⼦只能有⼀个谓语动词，除⾮有并列连词连接在⼀起。如果在出现动词，就要改为⾮谓语动词。表⽰将来的动作或状态就⽤不定式；表⽰主动或正在进⾏的就⽤现在分词；表⽰完成或被动的就⽤过去分词；如果占据在名词的位置上就要选⽤动名词或动词不定式。（关键的就是：要学会找到⾮谓语动词的逻辑主。）
某些过去分词相当于形容词，或者说已经转化成了形容词，可以在句中作表语。（另有讲解）