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The southern continent may be a place of extremes. per the yank repository of Natural History(opens in new tab), the Antarctic ice cap contains some seventy % of Earth' H2O and concerning ninety percent of its ice, even supposing it's solely the fifth largest continent.

Spelunkers ahoy! the most important confirmed cylinder within the world may be found in Cuba in the Cuevo San Martin Infierno, per the journal Acta Carsologica(opens in new tab). This behemoth rises 220 feet (67.2 meters) tall. (Shown here, a photograph of a stalagmite in an exceedingly northwest Yucatan Peninsula cave.)

Because our globe isn't an ideal sphere, its mass is distributed unevenly. And uneven mass means that slightly uneven gravity.

One mysterious gravitative anomaly is within the sea of Canada . This area has lower gravity than alternative regions, and a 2007 study finds that now-melted glaciers are to blame.

The ice that after cloaked the world throughout the last glacial period has lang syne melted, however the planet hasn't entirely snapped back from the burden. Since gravity over a section is proportional to the mass atop that region, and therefore the glacier' imprint pushed aside a number of the Earth' mass, gravity could be a bit less sturdy within the ice sheet' imprint.

The slight deformation of the crust explains twenty five p.c to forty five percent of the remarkably low gravity; the remainder could also be explained by a downward drag caused the motion of rock in Earth' mantle (the layer simply at a lower place the crust), researchers reported in the journal Science(opens in new tab).

Earth encompasses a magnetic flux thanks to the ocean of hot, liquid metal that sloshes around its cast-iron core, or that' what geophysicists are pretty bound is that the cause. This flow of liquid creates electrical currents, which, in turn, generate the magnetic field.

Since the first nineteenth century, Earth' direction pole has been creep northward by quite 600 miles (1,100 kilometers), in line with NASA scientists(opens in new tab).

the speed of movement has increased, with the pole migrating northward at concerning forty miles (64 km) annually currently, compared with the 10 miles (16 km) annually calculable within the twentieth century.

In fact, over the past twenty million years, our planet has settled into a pattern of a pole reversal regarding each 200,000 to 300,000 years, per the journal Nature(opens in new tab). As of 2012, however, it's been over double that long ago the last reversal.

These reversals aren't split-second flips, and instead occur over lots of or thousands of years. throughout this long stint, the magnetic poles begin to get lost from the region round the spin poles (the axis around that our planet spins), and eventually find yourself switched around, according to Cornell University astronomers(opens in new tab).