The Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland. Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. Ethnic Estonians are a Finnic people, sharing close cultural ties with their northern neighbour, Finland, and the official language, Estonian, is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish and the Sami languages, and distantly to Hungarian.

The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 6500 BC, after successful democratic rule from 1918 to 1934, Estonia became increasingly autocratic during the Era of Silence. During World War II, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany a year later and was again annexed by the Soviets in 1944, after which it was reconstituted as the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic and independence was restored on 20 August 1991. Its capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.3 million, it is one of the least-populous member states of the European Union.

Estonia is a developed country with an advanced, high-income economy that as of 2011 is among the fastest growing in the EU. Since independence the country has rapidly developed its IT sector, becoming one of the world's most digitally-advanced societies. In 2005 Estonia became the first nation to hold elections over the Internet, and in 2014 the first nation to provide e-residency.

Ethnic groups (2017)
68.7% Estonians
25.1% Russians
1.7% Ukrainians
0.8% Belarusians
0.5% Finns
2.8% others

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