İngilizce Dersleri - Gereklilik ve Zorunluluk Kipleri [Yardımcı Fiiller 3] (English Lessons - Necessity and Prohibition [Modals 3])
Merhabalar
Bu başlıktaki konumuz Gereklilik ve Zorunluluk Kipleri (Modals) konusunun üçüncü bölümüdür.
Must, have to ve have got to, gereklilik ya da zorunluluk ifade eden yapılardır.
Students must study hard in order to pass exams.
Students have to study hard in order to pass exams.
Students have got to study hard in order to pass exams.
"Have to" nun soru biçimi, "do" kullanılarak oluşturulur.
Do you have to leave now?
Yes, I do. (Yes. I have to leave now.)
Does your brother have to work so hard?
Yes, he does. (Yes, he has to work so hard.)
"Must" ve "have got to" nun soru biçiminde ise, "must" ve "have" yardımcı fiil olarak kullanılır.
Must you leave now?
Yes, I must. (Yes, I must leave now.)
Have you got to leave now ?
Yes, I have. (Yes, I have got to leave now.)
"Must" ve "have to" nun olumsuz biçimi, "don't have to", "don't need to" ya da "needn't" dır.
Do you have to get up early tomorrow?
No, it is my day off. I don't have to/don't need to/needn't get up early.
Does your brother have to get up early tomorrow?
No, it is his day off. He doesn't have to/doesn't need to/needn't get up early.
Not:"Must" in olumsuzu olarak, ilk anda akla "mustn't geliyor. Ancak "mustn't, zorunluluğu ortadan kaldıran değil, yasaklama getiren bir yapıdır.
Must I stay in bed for a swift recovery ?(Çabuk iyileşmek için yatmalı mıyım?)
Diyen birine, "No, you mustn't" dersek, "Hayır, yatmamalısın." demiş oluruz ki, bu da bizim ifade etmek istediğimiz düşünce değildir. Çünkü, bu soruyu soran birine "Hayır, yatman gerekmez." demek istemişizdir. " Bunu da "needn't, "don't need to" ya da "don't have to" ile ifade edebiliriz.
No, you don't have to/don't need to/neednt stay in bed, but don't go out.
"Mustn't" i ancak, "yapmamalısın" anlamında kullanabiliriz. Yani, "Bunu yapmamalısın, çünkü yasak" ya da "Bunu yapmamalısın; eğer yaparsan, sonuç kötü olacak." gibi düşünceleri ifade edebiliriz.
You mustn't smoke so much. You'll make yourself ill.
We mustn't sit here on the grass. The notice says it is forbidden.
Kaynak: ELS İngilizce Hazırlık Dergisi
To Be Continued...
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