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The fact that a blockchain is a list of consecutive blocks each containing a hash of the previous block is key. Such list are called hash lists. They didn't exist prior to 1979. The concept was invented then.

Calculating the hash functions by hand is practically impossible. The whole point of a hash function is that the tiniest change in input produces a noticeable difference in output.

When you called blockchain a simple ledger, that simply wasn't true. You can record a blockchain on paper if you like. What the computers are needed for is not the scaling but computing the hashes, which would be painful to do manually and without hashing, you don't have a blockchain. A blockchain is called a chain because it's a hash list.

Are the tires on your car still classified as wheels?

Yes, but not just any wheel can do their job.

But, still a wheel.

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