SKYNET: THE FIRST IOT BLOCKCHAIN CHIP

The relevance of superintelligence system is becoming increasingly high in our society as people are starting to witness its transformation of our world. Most developed machine learning, computers have been able to achieve human-level performance on highly complex perceptual tasks. The internet has constantly evolved from mainframes to IoT (Internet of things) devices, and in the same vein, artificial intelligence and blockchain are working towards providing a system that will support IoT devices. It is estimated that by 2020 the number of devices connected to the internet will be about 200 billion. There is a pressing need for a network that will provide viable solutions to the issues facing this new development.
THE INTELLIGENT MACHINE ECONOMY
SKYNET will improve the intelligent machine economy by providing both its network and core to form a disruptive machine ecosystem where devices can achieve human-level performance and have the capacity to begin interacting with one another. It will make available a continuous solution system for problems encountered in IoT functionality and includes the world’s first hyper-compatible network Blockchain. The iot Blockchain as the chip is a company that provides blockchain in the adoption of the technology. Skynet Blockchain network will unite the world to use the blockchain technology infrastructure and Skynet. In a sense, by means of its hardware and network, Skynet will bring into a coherent ecosystem all the chips in the billions of deployed devices in the world, providing a scalable network that supports workloads of different IoT devices and make them connectable to the Skynet Open Network. The Skynet core’s modular blockchain hardware will enable physical devices to perform perception tasks on unstructured sensory data, support application development, and utilize blockchain networks. The platform will create an infinity-blockchain architecture that enables instantaneous transaction speeds and unlimited throughput. The collective knowledge of all devices can be distributed, ensuring that no central system will be in charge or influence the others, machines will directly interact with themselves without a human operator or mediator. By means of the application layer over the Skynet Open Network, collaboration can be enhanced, training over the edge, and exchanges in value between separate devices. Independent devices can be managed with systems that prevent future harmful actions while incentivizing positive behavior.
The system will meet the demands of the machine economy by leveraging its two components:
SKYNET Open Network (SON): this is a scalable machine learning ioT blockchain platform. And it will likewise serve as the distributed hive mind infrastructure which will give devices the capacity to self-organize, learn, and transfer information amicably.
SKYNET Core: this is the license-free neural processing blockchain core, which will also lay the real-world foundation to support cryptographic acceleration, neural network processing and system on chip development in IoT devices.

THE FIRST IOT BLOCKCHAIN CHIP
The relevance of superintelligence system is becoming increasingly high in our society as people are starting to witness its transformation of our world. Most developed machine learning, computers have been able to achieve human-level performance on highly complex perceptual tasks. The internet has constantly evolved from mainframes to IoT (Internet of things) devices, and in the same vein, artificial intelligence and blockchain are working towards providing a system that will support IoT devices. It is estimated that by 2020 the number of devices connected to the internet will be about 200 billion. There is a pressing need for a network that will provide viable solutions to the issues facing this new development.
THE INTELLIGENT MACHINE ECONOMY
SKYNET will improve the intelligent machine economy by providing both its network and core to form a disruptive machine ecosystem where devices can achieve human-level performance and have the capacity to begin interacting with one another. It will make available a continuous solution system for problems encountered in IoT functionality and includes the world’s first hyper-compatible network Blockchain. The iot Blockchain as the chip is a company that provides blockchain in the adoption of the technology. Skynet Blockchain network will unite the world to use the blockchain technology infrastructure and Skynet. In a sense, by means of its hardware and network, Skynet will bring into a coherent ecosystem all the chips in the billions of deployed devices in the world, providing a scalable network that supports workloads of different IoT devices and make them connectable to the Skynet Open Network. The Skynet core’s modular blockchain hardware will enable physical devices to perform perception tasks on unstructured sensory data, support application development, and utilize blockchain networks. The platform will create an infinity-blockchain architecture that enables instantaneous transaction speeds and unlimited throughput. The collective knowledge of all devices can be distributed, ensuring that no central system will be in charge or influence the others, machines will directly interact with themselves without a human operator or mediator. By means of the application layer over the Skynet Open Network, collaboration can be enhanced, training over the edge, and exchanges in value between separate devices. Independent devices can be managed with systems that prevent future harmful actions while incentivizing positive behavior.
The system will meet the demands of the machine economy by leveraging its two components:
SKYNET Open Network (SON): this is a scalable machine learning ioT blockchain platform. And it will likewise serve as the distributed hive mind infrastructure which will give devices the capacity to self-organize, learn, and transfer information amicably.
SKYNET Core: this is the license-free neural processing blockchain core, which will also lay the real-world foundation to support cryptographic acceleration, neural network processing and system on chip development in IoT devices.

FUNCTION OF THE SKYNET OPEN NETWORK
The scalability of the Skynet Open Network is needed to handle the huge number of devices, data, users and analytics that will be accrued spontaneously in the network. Although, if every device is connected to the single blockchain this might reduce the efficiency of the scalability feature, which can be prevented by allowing multiple different blockchains to be created with different use cases. Decentralized Applications will solve this problems in devices, which will also ensure efficiency and privacy. The feasibility of artificial/machine intelligence is seen in training data and hardware acceleration. This is because data is a vital component for training neural networks, since it helps machines to adjust to new inputs and perform perceptual tasks with human-level performance. While hardware acceleration will be used to carry out tasks that require human cognition and learning on the hardware itself rather than on servers. The more complex the network becomes, the larger the device that will be able to train it without risking failure.
The proficiency of IoT devices is gotten from interactions, learning and cooperation with other independent devices. Therefore, Skynet has a sole objective of creating a neural processing core that will increase the connectivity and intelligence of IoT devices. Furthermore, applications such as distributed computing will give attention to the problems associated with limited processing power on the edge; federated learning will address some problems such as untapped data and allow devices to be compliant with data consent and security laws; the cryptocurrency of the platform will be used for exchange of value and data together with incentivizing nodes to participate in the network ecosystem. With the help of blockchain which is decentralized, and also possess immutable data record, has machine to machine interaction, and a distributed ledger technology – IoT devices will be leveraged these features in order to achieve optimum functionality. The decentralization of the blockchain network will bring about connectivity, exchanging of values between devices and reduce the transaction fees incurred during exchange. Immutability of data ensures transparency and auditability for the devices with prevention of fraudulent acts that might threaten the network. The presence of smart contracts in the blockchain makes it programmable and able to execute commands independently, once encoded by users. Blockchain is much secured since they are fault tolerant and can withstand node failures, with the help of Byzantine fault-tolerant models. By means of this, each blockchain can easily handle thousands of transactions per seconds with as little as 4 validators that will validate other blockchains and give access to superior blockchains.
However, some smaller IoT devices might not possess the full functionality of the blockchain network and some deep learning distributed applications and blockchain operations might not be suitable for the IoT devices. That is why the Skynet Open Network will possess simplicity, it will be user friendly for developers as well, with a seamless conversion rate for cryptocurrency transactions between blockchains. Machines/devices will be able to connect with each other, exchange information, offer computational help amongst themselves instantaneously. Furthermore, devices will become independent and intelligent in carrying out commands as they will have new ways of learning; the network will provide audit trails or ways for human owners to manage their devices in cases when they are not acting properly; machines will be able to make choices of whatever network they want to make use of at any given time.
The platform will support applications such as identity protocols for safe interaction with other similar knowledge domains; data transport for distribution of data and algorithm across the network; federated learning for nodes to work together and improve their neural output; digital currency for payment with any selected token; device management for node owners to manage their devices through the distributed ledger; distributed computing whereby node can lend computing power to other nodes; fine tuning of nodes by means of transfer and imitation learning; marketplace where nodes will be given incentives to share data and algorithm; knowledgenet an open for sharing of data from different fields for other nodes to learn.

Table 2: Architecture Comparison
Properties Bitcoin Ethereum Skynet Open Network
Consensus Proof of Work Proof of Work (Future PoS) BFT Proof of Stake
Sharding None None
(Future Two-Level) Horizontal IoT Chains
Chain Type Heavyweight Heavyweight Lightweight
Transaction Speed 7 TPS 15 TPS 1 Million+ TPS
Transaction Fees 1 Dollar .45 <.01
Token Bitcoin Ether Multi-Asset
Block Size 1 MB Dynamic Dynamic
Block Confirmation 10 Minutes 14 Seconds 1 Second
Language Script Solidity Any (Solidity, GO)
Runtime Architecture Bitcoin Core EVM Any VM (EVM, QVM)

The table above illustrates how the Skynet Open Network achieves a high transaction speed of one million plus TPS to support IoT applications – more than other blockchain platforms.
The SON Virtual Application Layer combines the benefits of existing distributed applications to new protocols in order for devices to autonomously settle prices and self-organize themselves without having a human do the work based on a proprietary algorithm.
The Skynet Open Network (SON), is made up of four main components:
SON Fabric: a blockchain platform that has proof of stake blockchains and cross chain communication – applications. Its native token is Skynet Light. This component will be used to interact with the underlying scheme of other blockchains.
SON Idex: a decentralized ID platform that will provide a secure node discovery IoT and device management. It provides the tools necessary for devices to publish information that other independent blockchains and applications can access and query.
SON Nova: a distributed App platform with scalable smart contracts, Web3 and Ethereum Compatibility. Its native token is Light, the same as SON Idem. It will allow for distributed applications to be built on the Skynet Open Network while removing the drawbacks of Ethereum such as transaction time and fees.
SON Singularity: a machine learning platform with AI knowledge and decentralized machine learning. It will enable series of interoperable applications for interactions and learning between Skynet Cores and other IoT devices.
These components make up the Skynet Open Network, and makes it possible for it to function effectively in the real world compared to other blockchains. Although there are other architectural layers that guarantee optimum performance in the network; like Tendermint Core and SON’s SDK.

FUNCTION OF THE SKYNET CORE
The purpose of this component is to enable the usage of cryptocurrencies and blockchain in the IoT devices and enable the devices to become intelligent and connected. Moreover, in conjunction with a neural processing unit it will accelerate AI learning and model execution speeds, together with training of IoT devices for new situations in low power devices. The hash accelerators in the core will run a fast public or private blockchain network and maintain the state of the headers and provide security. The scalability feature of the Skynet core will possess a design that will make it easy for network to scale through billions of devices, from automobiles to computers or smartphones.The central processing unit of the Skynet Core helps in running standard applications and the blockchain hardware optimizes crypto engines with hardware wallets while the Neural processing unit to utilize the features of deep learning. The core together with the software will make devices to have support for the applications that the Skynet Open Network will provide such as: hardware wallet, blockchain, infinite scalability, accelerated learning.
Since Skynet is an open network, many companies will be able to design high performance and energy efficiency consumer ASIC’s seamlessly. And the license-free model would work with cryptocurrency, as the adoption of the core will increase the price of the token. In the long run SON will be a central hub to access all other blockchains, an App store of blockchains for creation or pairing of new distributed applications, a centralized platform for all machine learning and mutual transfer of values amongst devices. In Skynet’s end-to-end system, billions of IoT devices within the next few will enter a single decentralized ecosystem to begin interacting with one another and to begin recursive learning process.
Components of the Skynet Core
An ARM or RISC-V based CPU that will host a Linux kernel an interface with peripheral devices.
A secure Crypto-engine for storing private keys, singing messages and performing any other cryptographic computations required to operate any blockchain efficiently and in particular to SON blockchain.
A Neural processing Unit (or NPU) to accelerate the linear algebra operations required by modern neural networks such as DNN, CNN and RNNs.
The main CPU of the Skynet core will be decided overtime after testing several types, so as to know which of them will accelerate development of the entire software stack. The RISC-V will be practical enough to accommodate fast hardware implementations. Moreover, the Network will run extensive workload profiling, so as to identify the best-suited applications for machine learning at the IoT edge, and finally make pivotal improvements and bridge the gap between existing needs in IoT devices and solutions. The Skynet Core’s Crypto engine will allow IoT devices to store cryptocurrency securely. And this implies that wearable devices will be able to store cryptocurrency, and in the long run cryptocurrency will become user-friendly. However, the Crypto Core provides a highly secure platform for cryptocurrency private key processing and transaction authentication.
FUNCTION OF THE NEURAL PROCESSING UNIT (NPU)
The Neural Processing Unit (NPU), will play a critical role in providing high security to the system, and enabling N-factor user authentication in some applications and also by keeping track of ongoing patterns of transaction and authentication. The biometric sensor will give access to hardware wallet once a valid user is detected. The biometric sensor will include iris or retina scans, face identification, and fingerprint matching. In order to compute the workloads of the NPU, the Matrix multiplication engines are adopted, and this enables factors that allow much faster training as well as larger models. Neural computation and custom accelerators are some of the major factors that helps to move forward the field of AI and machine learning.

FUNCTION OF VALIDATORS AND DELEGATORS
The Validators are nodes that lock up a predetermined amount of tokens. The validators can participate in consensus by broadcasting cryptographic signatures that act as votes for the next blocks. The validators have a voting power equal to that locked up in a bond transaction and may unlock the coins by posting and unbonded transaction. While Delegators are individuals who want to contribute voting power to a validator, and they do so by delegating the same token to a potential validator, so that the delegate might earn a part of a block reward. It is worthy of note that delegates will be putting their tokens at risk by delegating their stakes to validators and may lose tokens whether the validator behaves according to the protocol implementation or not. However, if the validator misbehaves in any way he will get slashed and will lose its staked Skynet Tokens together with its Light. And this happens when it refuses to vote for a period of time or double signs. The SON consensus round is made up of three types of vote: prevote, precommit, commit. The tokens of the SON Fabric are: Skynet (which is used for staking, voting, and delegate validators) and Light (which is for payment of fees and to mitigate spam). Validators can also stake their Skynet tokens or they can choose to delegate the tokens to stakers. And the more Skynet tokens a validator stakes the more block rewards and transaction fees they will get in return. Each delegator will receive a distribution of Light based on what it delegated to the validator pool. If a node receives a 2/3 majority of commits, it enters the final commit stage where it commits the block. The SON will have minimum of 4 validators to run the consensus protocol, while the SON Fabric will begin with 100 validators and scale to 500 in order to run the other networks on SON.
Each block in SON will include the root of a merkle tree in order to verify state queries or transaction outputs. And this will allow SON to enable Light client protocols, which are designed to allow users in low capacity environment to help maintain a certain state of the network. This means that Light client’s protocols will be great in IoT devices such as smartphones, watches, and tablets. It also allows clients to know the latest block state and when a validator is going to change. The Skynet Open Network will have a cross-blockchain communication protocol that will allow blockchains to exchange information with one another, through the CBC packets. The shards of the SON blockchain preserves the number of tokens between chains while the shards of other blockchains depend on the general machine state in order to function.
Initially it was stated that SON Fabric will provide a bridge that will make it interoperable with other existing blockchains. And some of those blockchains will be Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Neo, Eos, etc. Just one entangled chain on SON can serve as a bridge with any of the blockchains mentioned. Billions of nodes will enter the Skynet Ecosystem and be able to interact with one another with the KnowledgeNet virtual application layer. Companies and developers will be able to create or add to this ever-growing network by developing their own blockchains and DApps. The smart contracts on the platform have been defined and implemented to enable devices to exchange data, pre-trained AI model, or anything of value in a transparent, conflict-free way. However, the smart contract execution is of two models, A&B. The model A is for buyers and sellers with very high reputation score, and the transaction is fast, straight forward and highly efficient. While the model B smart contract is for the compromise method for entities with middle level reputation and can be decided by the buyer. Moreover, the model C is used in between fully distrust entities, and this kind of smart contract binds all parties’ responsibilities and obligations including escrows who will be the witness for all the steps of execution of this smart contract.

THE SKYNET TOKEN
Token name = Skynet
Token Symbol = SON
Token price = 1SON = 0.0035
Platform = Ethereum (ETH)
Soft Cap = 3,000,000 USD
Hard Cap = 38,000,000 USD
Token Supply = 1,000,000,000,000 SON

The tokens as illustrated in the figure above will swap over to SON, Light and Singularity.
The Skynet Token that will be offered in the OpenSingularity token distribution will swap over to all cryptocurrencies on Singularity once the development is fully established. In conjunction with the Skynet Core, these tokens will prospectively be the gas for machines and serves as the backbone of the intelligent machine economy.

SUMMARY
Skynet wishes to create a disruptive ecosystem in order for devices to attain human-level performance – by means of its two main components the Skynet Open Network and the Skynet core. The network will enable IoT devices to securely sign transactions, learn advanced neural network models, and possess the advantages of distributed ledger. Apart from embedding IoT devices with SON hardware wallet, every device will use the blockchain and cryptocurrencies with the security of a ledger wallet with reasonable incentives from a brain-on-chip system for AI authentication and human like intelligent capabilities that will ensure optimum performance. With the aid of the Core devices have the capacity to become intelligent and utilize the blockchain network. Moreover, the Skynet Open Network will allow devices such as self-driving cars, smartphones, IoT devices, smart cities to be connected and interact and exchange values with each other as normal people do. Furthermore, the exchange in values between these devices on SON will be in split-seconds; devices can distribute algorithm across the Skynet open Network indiscriminately; the network will enable them train off vital private data; IoT devices will be utilize any other network such as Ethereum, Bitcoin and Litecoin, etc, and when they do this they learn from their knowledgeNet; devices will locate each other in a secure manner. The Byzantine fault tolerant models will enable the network to handle various IoT subsystems by providing interoperability between its private and public blockchains while providing the capacity to handle millions of transactions in an instant. Participation in the network by being either a validator or a delegator will accrue incentives, depending on the level of activity. The Neural Processing Unit (NPU), will give user features such as speech recognition, iris or retina scans, face identification, and fingerprint matching, in order to ensure privacy and security. The face of the machine economy is about to change forever, with the aid of Skynet’s two main components the SON and the Core, together with other underlying components.

For more information on Skynet project, visit:
Website: https://skynet.co/
Whitepaper: https://skynet.co/img/lightpaper.pdf
Twitter: https://twitter.com/OpenSingularity
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/OpenSingularity
Medium: https://medium.com/skynetproject
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/SkynetProject/
Ann: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4641725
Published by Delightme
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