Information Systems

Heard of Information Systems?

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Information systems serves many purpose from business transactions to connecting offices and their data to the provisions of electronic service, it is useful for a computer based system to function and meet up requirements. I.S is the study of related systems of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, create, process and distribute data,it also includes a combination of hardware, software and telecommunications network that people build and use to create, collect and distribute useful information. Information systems work also support decision making,coordination,control,analysis and visualization in an organization.
Information Systems focuses on two aspect:
• The components that makes up the I.S
• The roles the components play in the organization.

The components of an Information System includes:

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1. Hardware:
   we would refer to this as the machinery of the system,it includes all physical parts necessary for the BIOS and communication devices to function

2. Software :
   This includes all program that runs the system and the programs that support them

3. Telecommunication Medium:
   This is the mediums used in connecting computer system and network devices together for the purpose of transmitting and sharing resources,predominantly there are two types
   •Wired includes the coaxial, twisted and fibre optic media
   •Wirelessincludes radio waves and satellites media

4. Database:
   This is a collection of logically related data, organized in such a way that records can be easily stored,accessed and retrieved, this database support management systems by collecting all archived data over time and mining them to produce useful information.

5. Human Resource:
   These are the users involved in the communication and information system,all handling and proper management are done by the human resource.

6. Process/Procedure:
   The series of steps that are being undertaken to achieve the desired goal of the information systems, which includes outlines for operating and maintaining an information system.
   
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The different types of Information Systems includes:

• Transaction processing system:
This type of IS divides work into individual operations processes such as the batch processing,time sharing and real time processing, it is mostly used because it can handle large data without corrupting it(data integrity),it has fast performance and is readily available.

• Management Information System:
This system concept organizes all the database and reports in a way that keeps all information up to date for all level of management in the organization so as to achieve goals and objectives

• Decision Support System:
This system employs flexibility and adaptability in making decisions that brings about change in the organization, it serves all level of management

• Expert systems:
This system emulates the decision making ability of human experts and uses the accumulated database knowledge to proffer solution to organizations problems

•Executive Support System:
This system provides information from both external and internal source that are relevant to the organization it brings into play easy to use GUI and support top level decision making.
it is slow and less reliable when compared to others due to limited functionality and extensive complication.

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Information Systems Development
This is the process of planning, creating, testing, deploying and maintaining an information system
They are classified under:
a) System Analysis:
This involves collecting and interpreting identifying problems and using the data gotten to create efficient information that would bring about a better system.

b) System Design:
This involves planning a new system to replace or compliment the existing system.

Conclusion:
All systems are important and function in the way they are built to with little or no modification to bring out the best results, though most of them fail due to some reasons
• Shift in user needs
•Lack of management support
•Unstructured system strategy
•Lack of proper standard development technique
•Resistance to change
•Lack of user involvement.

#Reference: To know more about information systems