US main battle tank M1E1 "Abrams"
M1 Tank "Abrams" is equipped with a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction, which, if necessary, supplies the purified air from the filtering unit to the masks of the crew members, and also creates a positive pressure in the fighting compartment to prevent it radioactive dust or toxic substances. There are devices of radiation and chemical reconnaissance. The air temperature inside the tank can be increased with the help of a heater. For external communication radio is an AM / EOS-12, for the inner - tank intercom ustroystvo.Dlya round view on the perimeter of the commander's turret six observation periscopes installed. Electronic (digital), ballistic computer, performed on solid-state, with a fairly high accuracy angular corrections calculates the shooting. Distance from the laser rangefinder are automatically introduced into it to the target lateral wind speed, ambient temperature and angle of the gun trunnion axis.
In addition, data on the type of projectile entered manually, barometric pressure, temperature, charge, barrel wear, as well as amendments to the mismatch of the channel axis direction of the trunk and line of sight. After the detection and recognition of targets gunner, holding her crosshair, click on the button of the laser rangefinder. Range The value is displayed in the sights gunner and commander. Then the gunner selects the type of ammunition by installing the four switch to the appropriate position. Charging the meantime gun charges. The light signal in the gunner's sight notifies that the weapon is ready to open fire. Corner corrections from ballistic computer is entered automatically. As the deficiencies observed that only one eyepiece in the gunner's sight, that strains your eyes, especially during the movement of the tank, as well as the absence of sight of the tank commander, gunner sight independent.
Engine-transmission compartment located in the rear of the machine. A gas turbine engine AOT 1500 is executed in one block with automatic hydromechanical transmission X-1100-SG. If necessary, the entire unit can be replaced in less than 1 hour. Selection of a gas turbine engine due to a number of its advantages in comparison with a diesel engine of the same capacity. First of all it is possible to obtain more power with less of a gas turbine engine. Moreover, the latter has approximately half the weight of a relatively simple construction and is 2-3 times more service life. In addition, it is better to meet the requirements of multi-fuel.
At the same time it marked its shortcomings such as increased fuel consumption and complexity of air cleaning. AOT 1500 is a three-shaft engine dvuhraskhodnym osetsentrobezhnym compressor individual combustion chamber tangential arrangement, a two-stage power turbine with variable nozzle device and the first stage stationary annular plate heat exchanger. The maximum temperature of the gas turbine is 1193 ° C. output shaft rotational speed - 3000 rev / min. The engine has good throttle response that provides tank M1 "Abrams" accelerate to a speed of 30 km / h in 6 seconds. Automatic hydromechanical transmission X-1100-SG provides four forward gears and two reverse gears.
It consists of a torque converter with automatic lock, planetary gearbox and stepless hydrostatic turning mechanism. Chassis tank includes seven track rollers on the side and two pairs of support rollers, torsion bar suspension, and caterpillars with rubber pads. Based on M1 tanks "Abrams" set up special purpose vehicles: heavy armored vehicle launched bridge, Katkov mine sweeper and Armoured Recovery Vehicle bridgelayer NAV.
Prospective US main battle tank "Block III" is developed on the base of the tank "Abrams". He has a small tower, automatic loader and a crew of three, which are located in the tank housing shoulder to shoulder.
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