Tuanku Imam Bonjol (born in Bonjol, Pasaman, West Sumatra 1772 - died in exile and was buried in Lotak Pineleng, Minahasa, 6 November 1864), the original name of Muhammad Shahab or Petto Sharif, was one of the ulama, leaders and fighters who fought against The Netherlands, the war was known as the Padri War in 1803-1837. Tuanku Imam Bonjol was appointed National Hero of Indonesia based on Presidential Decree No. 087 / TK / Year 1973, dated 6 November 1973.

Tuanku Imam Bonjol was born in Bonjol, Pasaman, Indonesia in 1772.Beliau then died in Manado, Sulawesi on 6 November 1864 at the age of 92 years and was buried in Special Lotak, Minahasa.

Tuanku Imam Bonjol is not a Minahasa. He is from West Sumatra. "Tuanku Imam Bonjol" is an event given to religious teachers in Sumatra. Imam Bonjol's real name is Peto Syarif Ibnu Pandito Bayanuddin.

He was the most famous leader of the da'wah movement in Sumatra, who initially opposed gambling, chicken action, abuse of food, liquor, and tobacco, but later opposed to the colonization of Belgians who had the motto of Gold, Glory, Gospel resulting in the Padri war (1821 -1837).

Soerce

At first he studied religion from his father, Buya Nudin. Then from some other scholars, like Tuanku Nan Renceh. Imam Bonjol is the founder of Bonjol.

The opposition of the Adat with the Padrians or the religious people involved the Imam Bonjol. The Padri tried to clean up the teachings of Islamic religion which had been distorted so that they would be returned to the teachings of pure Islam.

Indigenous groups who feel threatened kedudukanya, get help from the Netherlands. However, the movement of Imam Bonjol's strong enough to endanger Dutch position. Therefore the Dutch were forced to enter into a peace agreement with Tuanku Imam Bonjol in 1824. The agreement was called the "Masang Agreement". But the agreement was violated by the Dutch themselves by attacking the Land of Clever Brush.

The ensuing battles did not mean much, because the Dutch had to gather their strength against the Diponogoro War. But after the Diponogoro War was over, the Dutch deployed large-scale troops to conquer all of West Sumatra.

Imam Bonjol and his troops did not want to surrender and vigorously stem the forces of the enemy. But the Dutch power was so great that one by one the Imam Bonjol region could be captured by the Dutch. But three months later Bonjol could be recaptured. This happened in 1832.

Soerce

The Dutch re-energize their great troop forces. Not to forget Gabernor Gen. Van den Bosch took the lead attack on Bonjol. But he failed. He invites Imam Bonjol to make peace with the "Long Palakat", But my lord Imam is suspicious.

For the subsequent periods of time, the position of Tuanku Imam Bonjol was increasingly difficult, but he did not want to make peace with the Dutch. Three times the Dutch changed their warlords to capture Bonjol, a small country with clay forts. After three years under siege, Bonjol could be mastered, on 16 August 1837.

In 1837, the village of Imam Bonjol took over by the Dutch, and Imam Bonjol finally surrendered. He was then exiled in several places, and eventually brought to Minahasa. He was recognized as a national hero.

A typical building of Sumatra protects the tomb of Imam Bonjol. A relief depicting Imam Bonjol in Padri war decorates one wall. Beside this building is the original home where Imam Bonjol lived during his exile.

History of the Struggle

Undeniably, the Padri War left heroic and traumatic memories in the memory of the nation. During the first 20 years of the war (1803-1821) practically murderers were fellow Minang and Mandailing or Batak people in general.

The Dutch intervention in the war was marked by the attack on Simawang and Keras Air by Captain Goffinet and Captain Dienema's forces in early April 1821 at the behest of Resident James du Puy in Padang. The Company engaged in the war because of the "invited" Adat. Curriculum vitae and profile of imam bonjol

On February 21, 1821, the Adat officially surrendered the territory of Darek (in the interior of Minangkabau) to the Company in an agreement signed in Padang, as compensation to the Dutch who were willing to help fight the Padrians. The agreement was also attended by the rest of the Pagaruyung family under the leadership of Sultan Muningsyah who survived the assassination by Padri forces led by Tuanku Pasaman in Koto Tangah, near Batu Sangkar, in 1815 (not 1803 as it was called Parlindungan, 2007: 136-41).

The resistance carried out by the troops was quite strong, making it very difficult for the Dutch to subdue it. Therefore, the Dutch were forced to enter into a peace agreement with Tuanku Imam Bonjol in 1824. Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch once invited Tuanku Imam Bonjol to reconcile with the "Mask Agreement", because at the same time Batavia also ran out of funds in the face of other wars in Europe and Java such as the Diponegoro War. But the agreement was violated by the Dutch themselves by attacking the Land of Clever Brush.

However, since the beginning of 1833 the war turned into a war between the Adat and the Padri against the Dutch, the two sides worked hand in hand against the Dutch, the parties who had initially contradicted were finally united against the Dutch. At the end of regret came the awareness, inviting the Dutch in the conflict actually tormented the Minangkabau people themselves. The unity of the Adat and the Padriese begins with a compromise known as the Plaque Tabek Patah which embodies the consensus of Adat basandi Syarak, Syarak basandi Kitabullah (Adat based on Religion, Religion based on Kitabullah (Al-Qur'an)).

In MTIB, it was reflected that Tuanku Imam Bonjol felt regret for the actions of the Paderi over their fellow Minang and Mandailing people. Tuanku Imam Bonjol is aware that his struggle has deviated from religious teachings. "Adopun law Kitabullah lot lahpau dekito kito juo act. Baa deck of you? "(As for many of the laws of the Scriptures that have been overtaken by us. What are your thoughts?), Said Tuanku Imam Bonjol as written in MTIB (p. 39).

Heroic regret and heroic struggle of Imu Bonjol with his followers against the Dutch who besieged Bonjol from all directions for about six months (March 16-August 17, 1837) can also be an appreciation of his heroism against colonialism [3]. - as detailed by G. Teitler, entitled End of the Padri War: Siege and Bonjol Deprivation 1834-1837.

The Dutch attacked the Paderi fortress at Bonjol with soldiers led by generals and Dutch officers, but most of them consisted of various tribes, such as Javanese, Madurese, Bugis and Ambonese. The names of the Dutch army officers were Major General Cochius, Lieutenant Colonel Bauer, Major Sous, Captain MacLean, First Lieutenant Van der Tak, First Lieutenant Steinmetz and so on but also Inlandsche (indigenous) names such as Kapitein Noto Prawiro, Indlandsche Luitenant Prawiro in Logo, Karto Wongso Wiro Redjo, Prawiro Sentiko, Prawiro Brotto, and Merto Poero.

There were 148 European officers, 36 indigenous officers, 1,103 European soldiers, 4,130 indigenous soldiers, Sumenapsche beurepen hierarchical hierarchies (Sumenap alias Madura auxiliaries). When the attack on Bonjol's fortress began, the Bugis were at the front attacking the Paderi defense.

From Batavia, the Dutch army continued to add strength. On July 20, 1837 arrived with the Perle Ship in Padang, the Sinninghe Kapitein, a number of Europeans and Africans, 1 sergeant, 4 corporaals and 112 flankeurs. The latter refers to African soldiers recruited by the Dutch on the continent, now Ghana and Mali. They are called Sepoys and serve in the Bela army.

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