Previously I apologize for not following the progress of Battery progress. But as I know about how it works, Battery has three main components namely anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Electrolyte is present between the anode and the cathode. In dry cell, zinc is anode, graphite is cathode, and ammonium chloride paste is its electrolyte.

Electrolytes are acids that react with anodes and cathodes, causing the cathode to lose the electrons and the anode to get the electrons. As a result, a large number of electrons are built up in the anode and a large number of electrons are removed from the cathode.

We know that an atom or object that has more electrons than a proton is said to be negatively charged. Anode has more electrons than protons. So the anode is said to be a negatively charged electrode. On the other hand, the cathode has a lower number of electrons than protons. So the cathode is said to be a positively charged electrode.

We know that electrons always try to move from higher concentrations (excess electron regions) to lower concentrations (fewer electrons). This is because they are equally distributed on both sides.

Anode is a region of higher electron concentration and the cathode is a lower electron concentration region. So electrons always try to move from anode to cathode. But the electrolyte that exists between the anode and the cathode stops this electron current. As a result, the electrons in the anode can not enter the cathode.

Electrons have no other electrical path to flow from the anode to the cathode. When we make this electrical path or path by connecting the anode and cathode to the external conductor wire, the electrons begin to flow from the anode to the cathode through the wire. In other words, the electric current begins to flow from the anode to the cathode.

When this conductor wire is connected to an electric light bulb, the electrons flowing from the anode through the conductor wire will turn on the electric light bulb, and flow to the cathode. Likewise, we can turn on the device connected to the battery.