The Heatwave

in #stemng6 years ago


For the past one week, if you are in Nigeria you would notice hot, uncomfortable weather which it is impossible to combat with an electric fan. The electric fans merely circulate hot air. The only relief could be gotten via an airconditioned environment. When we step out of such an environment, our bodies are pummeled by air so hot it is almost scalding. The scorching temperature ranges between 36-degree Celsius and 39-degree Celsius.


[Image is Free for Use]Source


This abnormally high temperature for a place that is used to high temperature is known as a heatwave.

Defining a heatwave is a bit difficult as there is no specific threshold of temperature for everyone that when temperature crosses, that is said to be a heatwave.

But if a temperature of an environment is 5 degrees above the maximum average temperature for the location, in 4 or more days in a row, it is called a heatwave.

So if 31-degree Celcius is the maximum normal temperature for a place and you suddenly have 36 or 37-degree Celcius temperature for 4 or 5 days in a row, the area is experiencing a heatwave.

Some other definition is that it is a when the temperature exceeds the top temperature of the location by 10% for a consecutive three days or more.


[A Screenshot of Temperature of Two Cities in Nigeria. Date 6th Feb 2018. Time: 3PM Local Time]Weather.com

One thing is similar in all the definition; there is a high temperature that exceeds the maximum temperature of a location for consecutive period of days.

The Dangerous High Temperature


The body operates at a normal temperature of 37-degree Celcius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. In the event of it being subjected to a temperature 1 degree higher than this normal operating temperature over a period of several hours, heat exhaustion set in which may lead to hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is when the body temperature is higher than normal. The opposite of it is when it is too low which is called hypothermia.

The body regulates its temperature by sweating when you are hot; the subsequent evaporation cools the body. When the cold sets in, there is usually some shivering and shaking to make the blood flow and create heat in the process.

When the body temperature exceeds 42-degree Celcius, a phenomenon known as heat stroke occurs with the likelihood of death happening in a few hours.


How it Occurs



The heat waves occur when high pressure directs the air downwards thereby preventing the air near the ground from moving upwards.

[Wikipedia]Source: Heat wave

The warm air downwards is trapped; with its way of rising upwards blocked. The evaporation which could have taken place bringing a cooling effect can no longer take place.

Remember when evaporation occurs it takes away heat with it. This combines with the trapped air and makes it hotter.


Heat Waves Impact


Aside from the heat stroke which may lead to hyperthermia, there are other impacts heat waves may bring to the people.

The impact of a heatwave is dependent on its level of severity.
There are low, severe, and extreme heatwaves.

The low heatwaves affect mostly the babies and the elderly, while the severe heatwaves affect the adults irrespective of health status. The extreme is what affects the infrastructures such as the transportation, the power companies in the areas of generation, transmission, distribution and consumption.

Due to the heat, the electricity demand increases as more people run airconditioner at their homes. That usually overloads the system leading to blowouts or brownouts with resulting blackouts for some extended periods of time. The fuses on sensing this dangerous load demands fail, throwing the area it is protecting in a blackout.

In the area of transport, the roads under the extreme temperature may crack, shatter or be deformed as the road surface expands. Concrete roads are more at risk of breaking while asphalt may deform causing an uneven surface making for an unsafe driving condition.

The rail travel is usually the worst hit as continuous expansion of the metal due to high temperature may lead to a derailment. You can take a look here to see a severely warped rail track due to high temperature caused by heat waves here.

Even the air transport is not spared as planes lose lift during the take off as a result of heat waves. The heatwaves reduce the air density; takeoffs require longer runways to acquire enough lift in the less dense air.


How to survive a heat wave


In the absence of air conditioners, electric fans could do the trick.



[Maxpixel]Source



Though not as effective as an air conditioner. You can make yourself a homemade "air conditioner". Place a box fan behind a cooler of ice or ice in a bowl and sit in its path :)

Cross ventilation is required. Keep windows open.

Drink lots of water as one may easily get dehydrated in this situation. Foods such as caffeine and alcoholic beverages intake should be minimised as they aid dehydration.

But if it happens that your friend has an air conditioner, it is a great time to visit that friend :)


References
1.Wikipedia: Heatwaves

2.Reuters: Heatwaves Leaves Thousands of Australian Homes in Blackout

3.Extreme Temperature Effects on Transportation

4.Surviving a Heat Wave with no Airconditioner


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Now "Man's hot"

Thanks for sharing the information
Now i understand why there's so much heat.

Hope its gonna go back normal?

Well, it usually gets back to normal after some period of time. Thanks.

This post is very rich in information......i am a living witness to most of the facts you pointed out in this article, just 2days ago, I couldn't sleep in my room because of excessive heat at night. Our lands need to be green once more, I advocate for planting of more trees, reduction in the use of CFC's that cause ozone depletion. Your article is really fascinating, nice work.

Thank you for your kind compliments. I can relate with how uncomfortable it gets at night.

educative....but in Kaduna here, it's pretty cold. The harmattan still, is taking a toll on us.

Lucky you. I hope it's cold in other parts of Nigeria too.

Jos, Taraba, Kano atleast. The north is usually really cold at times of the harmattan. This heat wave sounds scary though

The heat wave is very uncomfortable. I like my days cold.

you should take a trib to Kaduna or Jos during the harmattan. You'd run home. so cold!

I'd trade your cold with heat in a heatbeat :)

lol. no thank you. i'm enjoying the cold

You're lucky o

Like its just getting too much to bear..
Air conditioners are very useful.
Alot find it difficult to afford.
In other use,,
We will survive

I do agree on air-conditioners making it bearable.

Nigeria now share boundary with hell on the map

haba, don't say that now

Yeah. Its very true.. I was even wondering what could be the cause for this frequent heat/hotness. Thanks for sharing.

And would love to suggest that we should always drink water so we would not be dehydrated cuz of the weather. And maintain a clean environment that also promotes ventilation

Naturally I ignore spam. But I hope you know this is the definition of spam comment.

Thanks for this great info. . Placing a box of fan behind an ice will definite produce coldness. The weather this day is too dusty and hot. ...right now I am sweating cos I just finish eating hot beans when there is no light....

Thank for this educative post. Well done

Thank you too for reading. Maybe you should give the hot food a chance to cool down.

Thanks for the observation, cause and solution.

Most of this days, especially at noon, the fan always blow hot

That is true. Thanks.

The heat is unbearable.. It's so bad that roommate wanted to ask google if hell is close to Nigeria.

I can relate. I feel the heat too.

We have indeed been experiencing the heatwave in Ibadan. It's been unbearably hot for several days now. I have taken to spending my afternoons at the cinema where their air conditioning never fails...lol...thanks a million for the fan and bowl of ice info, I'll definitely try it out tomorrow.

Not a bad way to go. Any air-conditioned environment is welcome. Thank you.

lol..not a bad way to go.

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