My Biologist's Adventure #19 | Hello Stem Cells !
“Did You Know Where To Get The Stem Cells ?”
Stem Cells is an important cell in our body, this is because tissue and every organ in our body derived from the Stem Cells. Stem Cells also known as undifferentiated biological cells. Stem Cells can be founded from many different parts of our body and the others multicellular organism, it also has many different types and variety. Since the earliest stages of our development there also Stem Cells called Embryonic Stem Cells, meanwhile Stem Cells in an adult can be found in various tissues. Whole body system that damage will be repaired by the Stem Cells and it also will add some adult tissues. Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm are a few types of specialized cells that result from the differentiate of the Stem Cells in the development of an embryo For your information, Stem Cells can make copies of themselves and it also can differentiate. The aim of the Stem Cells differentiate is to develop many other specialized cells. Stem Cell will undergo the Mitosis to produce more Stem Cells.
We can access the stem cells in human from a few part of our body, one of them is bone marrow(drill the Femur or Iliac Crest). We also can get the Stem Cells in the Lipid Cells or Adipose Tissue, to obtain Stem Cells from this issue we need to extract by using Liposuction, Liposuction is a type of cosmetic surgery to remove fat from our body. The Stem Cell also can be accessed from Blood, to get the Stem Cell from blood we need to take the blood passed through a machine and the machine the Stem Cells and the blood will return to the person back, this extraction called an extraction through apheresis. Umbilical Cord blood that comes together after birth also contains the stem cells. The stem cell that obtains from a person body's known as an autologous cell. For your information, adult stem cells are very useful cells, and it usually uses in many medical therapies such as Bone Marrow Transplant. Now, the Stem cells can be grown artificially and stem cells also will be differentiated into many types of specialized cells. Today, I want to talk about a few types of the Stem Cells, there are 4 types of Stem Cells which are Embryonic, Tissue-Specific, Mesenchymal, and Induced Pluripotent (IPS) stem cells. First of all, I want to touch about the Embryonic Stem Cells, what is that?
Embryonic Stem Cells
This Stem Cells obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, a blastocyst is the early stage of preimplantation of the mammalian embryo, forms after 3-5 days it fertilized with the sperm. The blastocyst is very small. The cells inside the inner cells will give rise to the specialized cells in the normal development, this because it will give rise to all of our organs and tissue. For your information, Embryonic Stem Cells are pluripotent, it means that the Embryonic stem cells can help all of the cells in our body to develop and form except umbilical cord and placenta. Embryonic Stem cells are very important because it is very useful especially for the medical.
Tissue-Specific Stem Cells
These stem cells also known as somatic or adult stem cells, and this stem cell is more specialized than the Embryonic stem cells. Specific organ and tissue will be generated by the tissue-specific stem cells and they also live in this specific organ and tissue. For instance, in the bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells aka blood-forming stem cells can help to produce more platelets, white blood cells and the most important is red blood cells. Lung, brain cells and stem cells in other tissue and organ can't be generated by this blood-forming stem cells. There will be a small cache of tissue-specific stem cells inside some tissue and organs in our body. The small caches tissue-specific function as a worker, they will replace any damaged tissue or any injured tissue in skin or blood. It is very difficult to find this type of tissue(Tissue-Specific Stem Cells) in our body and also not same as the Embryonic Stem Cells, they can easily to renew itself as the embryonic stem cells do.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSC)
The third one is MSC or Mesenchymal Stem Cells, this also refers to a cell that isolated from the stroma, what is stroma? For your information, stroma is a part of a tissue, and this tissue has an important role, the role of the stroma is to connect and structured surround other organs and tissue. These stroma cells are known as "Stromal Cells" among the scientist. The Mesenchymal Stem Cells is capable to produce and make the bone, cartilage and fat cells and it can be found in bone marrow.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells(IPS)
This types of stem cells (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells or IPS) have been engineered in the lab, it can be obtained by converting the skin cells(tissue-specific stem cells) the skin cells will be converted into stem cells that have the same behavior as the embryonic stem cells. IPS is very important cells, these cells help the scientist to learn more about the development of a disease, and this stem cells also can be used for doing medical therapies and testing the new drug. IPS have their ability to give rise all of the cells in the body, this because there are many characteristics in the IPS cells same as the Embryonic Stem Cells. By using viruses, the IPS cells can be produced and these cells are used to insert some extra copies of genes into the Tissue-Specific cells. IPS stem cells also can help us in many things such as in the medical treatment. Thanks for reading my post and please keep reading My Biologist's Adventure okay.
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Reference and Further Reading
| TOPIC | WEBSITES |
|---|---|
| Wikipedia Stem Cells | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell |
| What is IPS stem cells ? | http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/537/articles/2473 |
| Stem Cell Research | http://blogs.jpmsonline.com/2014/07/03/stem-cell-research-and-its-moral-and-ethical-dilemmas-how-far-have-we-come/ |
| What Is Stroma Tissue? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroma_(tissue) |
| What is Liposuction ? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposuction |
| Types Of Stem Cells | http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/learn-about-stem-cells/types-of-stem-cells#embryonic |
| Bone Marrow | https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/285666.php |
| Video Source | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsooa4yRKGN_zEE8iknghZA |
| Video Source | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYITGhhjGiHq5DImIB05NfA |
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