The planet Earth - Where we Live

What is planet Earth?

Earth is the third planet in the solar system, in orbit around the Sun between Venus and Mars, that is, 149,600,000 km from the Astro Rey. It is the largest and densest of the so-called terrestrial planets, and the fifth in size of the eight that exist. It is also the only planet to date capable of hosting organic life as we know it. Its name comes from the ancient Roman mythology: Terra, incarnation of a primitive goddess who was associated with femininity, fertility and the origin of most things. It is associated with motherhood in various cultures, such as the Pachamama of the Incas or Western Mother Earth. 

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The Earth has a unique natural satellite that we call the Moon, in orbit just 384,400 km from the surface. The Moon is the fourth largest satellite in the solar system and measures one quarter of the Earth. 

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The Earth is the largest of the rocky planets. This allows retaining a layer of gases, the atmosphere, which scatters light and absorbs heat. During the day, it prevents the Earth from getting too hot and, at night, it is cold.
Seven out of every ten parts of the earth's surface are covered with water. The seas and oceans also help regulate the temperature. The water that evaporates forms clouds and falls in the form of rain or snow, forming rivers and lakes. 

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The atmosphere and other abiotic conditions have been significantly altered by the biosphere of the planet, favoring the proliferation of aerobic organisms, as well as the formation of an ozone layer that together with the Earth's magnetic field blocked the harmful solar radiation, as well as the life on earth The physical properties of the Earth, the geological history and its orbit have allowed life to continue to exist. It is estimated that the planet is capable of supporting life for another 500 million years, which according to current forecasts, after that time the increasing luminosity of the Sun will end up causing the extinction of the biosphere.

The surface of the earth or crust is divided into several tectonic plates that slide over the magma for periods of several million years. The surface is covered by continents and islands; These have several lakes, rivers and other water sources, which together with the salt water oceans that represent approximately 71% of the surface make up the hydrosphere. No other planet is known with this balance of liquid water, which is indispensable for any type of known life.

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The poles of the Earth are mostly covered with solid ice (Indlandsis of Antarctica) or ice caps (Arctic ice). The interior of the planet is geologically active, with a thick layer of relatively solid mantle, a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field and a solid internal core composed of approximately 88% iron.
The Earth interacts gravitationally with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon. Currently, the Earth completes an orbit around the Sun every time it makes 365.26 turns on its axis, which is equivalent to 365.26 solar days or a sidereal year. The axis of rotation of the Earth is inclined 23.4 ° with respect to the perpendicular to its orbital plane, which produces seasonal variations on the surface of the planet with a period of one tropical year (365.24 solar days).
Approximately 3800 to 4100 million years ago, during the so-called intense late bombardment, numerous asteroids hit the Earth, causing significant changes in most of its surface.

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Earth behaves like a great magnet. The English physicist William Gilbert was the first to point to terrestrial magnetism, in 1600, although its effects had been used much earlier in primitive compasses.

The Earth is surrounded by a powerful magnetic field, as if the planet had a large magnet in its interior, whose south pole was close to the geographic north pole and vice versa. By the parallelism with the geographical poles, the terrestrial magnetic poles are called north magnetic pole and south magnetic pole, although their real magnetism is opposite to that indicated by their names.

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Both the minerals of the planet and the products of the biosphere provide resources that are used to sustain the human population of the world. Its inhabitants are grouped into some 200 independent sovereign states, which interact through diplomacy, travel, trade and military action. Human cultures have developed many ideas about the planet, including the personification of a deity, the belief in a flat Earth or Earth as the center of the universe, and a modern perspective of the world as an integrated environment that requires administration. 

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The Earth has three different forms of movement: rotation, translation and obliquity.

Rotation. The Earth revolves around its own axis, going west-east, and it takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds to complete a turn. This movement gives rise to day and night, alternating between the exposed and hidden face of the sun.

Translation. The orbit of the Earth around the Sun has a perimeter of 930 million kilometers, at a speed of 108,000 kilometers per hour. That means that a full orbital lap takes place every 365 days, 5 hours, 48
minutes and 45 seconds. This period is what we commonly call the year.

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Other movements: In addition to these primary movements, there are other components in the total movement of the Earth, such as the precession of the equinoxes and nutation, a periodic dynamic in the tilt of the Earth's axis caused by the gravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon.

https://www.caracteristicas.co/planeta-tierra/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra

http://www.astromia.com/solar/tierra.htm