Pluto : The story of a Dwarf Planet!

In our solar system, we get a star and eight planets. It flourished 4.6 lac core years ago. The students of the 90' came to know Pluto as a planet. At that time the number of planets was nine. And the number nine planet was the last and smallest planet, named by Pluto. Pluto was found to be very few earlier. But in 2006, Pluto was unanimously excluded from the planet list. The debate over whether Pluto there will be a planet or not is not yet over. Pluto is now known as a dwarf planet.

Why Pluto is no longer a planet

There is no change in the shape of the size of the Pluto when it was present in the planet. Its orbit has the same as it was. Pluto was much larger in size, but scientists were not convinced of it. Pluto was very different from another planet in the solar system. It was a piece of ice, which temperature -225° c. Pluto’s orbit is different from another planet. Where another planet has round orbit around, Pluto’s orbit is extremely electrified. It turns into 17 ° eagle around the Sun. And Pluto circumambulate the Sun for one time takes 248 years according to Earth's time. That means if a person goes to Pluto once, he'll be dead before Pluto's one year is over.

But why Pluto is not a planet, before going into this discussion, it is better to know a little about it. Pluto is not one of the brightest objects in the sky and so obviously with the naked eye, Pluto does not be able to see. In fact, Neptune is not seen in the eyes even though it is much larger than Pluto and is close to the sun. Instead, the planet Neptune was discovered to detect the orbital planet of Uranus, estimates the presence of another planet. Neptune was discovered in the 1840s. In 1840 French mathematical "Urbain Le Verrier" proved the existence of Neptune by his own mathematic calculation. He saw that something unnoticed in Orbits is influencing something. When analyzing for it, he got to know about Neptune. But after the observation of Neptune, the scientists saw that in Uranus's orbit was not just Neptune, but also another force was disturbing. What was it? At all scientists begin to search for it.

Discovery

And then in 1906 American mathematician "Percival Lowell" started a project. "The search of a possible ninth planet". And it was named by planet x. Since 1906, efforts to find this ninth planet were started. By 1909, some of the possible locations of the planet were announced even though it could not be observed yet. Lowell died in 1916 without identifying the planet. In 1915, unknowingly took a picture of Pluto in Lowell's surveys. But nobody couldn't understand what it was. After the death of Lowell, the observation activities have been closed for a long time. And finally, in 1929, with the initiative of Lowell's wife Constance Savage Keith Lowell, a 23-year-old “Clyde Tombaugh”, an astronomer was employed to find the ninth planet. Like previous years, Tombaugh’s job was to see the telescope in the possible position and take photos of the sky and determining a moving object. After a year's observation, on 18 February 1930, Tombaugh identified a speed similar to this. After confirmation by some more examinations, this new discovery was sent to the Harvard College Observatory.

Naming:

After this research, Pluto became popular with people. Pluto was accepted as the new member of the Solar System, and the ninth planet, without any consideration. An 11-year-old girl from Oxford named “Venetia Burney” proposed the name of Pluto. She first introduced the name to his grandfather, “Falconer Medan”, who was the author of a library at Oxford University. He again handed the name to Astronomy Professor “Herbert Hall Turner”, Pluto name was accepted unanimously through the voting of three names, including the name in the Lowell Observatory.

Soon after the exploration of Pluto, the planet has become involved in the book of different countries. Various novels, in the name of the character, in the film, in the name of the observation center, in the name of the basic material or in many other cases, Pluto becomes associated.

Size:

But from the beginning, the size of Pluto which was described by Methane began to prove wrong gradually. In the beginning, scientists began to think that Pluto's mess is equal to Earth's mess. But when more research was started on it, it becomes to know that its real mass is much less than the earlier computation. Pluto's mass was determined in 1931, it's near the mass of the Earth. Later on, the size of the mass is reduced by more observation and decided it's nearby the Mars. Pluto's spectrum was observed in 1976 and confirmed that its mass would not be more than 1 percent of Earth's mass. Pluto's mass is seen to be only as many as 0.2% of our Earth's mass and its size is very small.

Information:

Pluto is so small that its gravitational force did not affect Uranus orbital effect. For this Pluto is removed from the planet x of Lowell. Yet Pluto was a planet. Because there was some evidence needed to remove Pluto from the planet. And scientists did not have any clear images of Pluto. Scientists again started research on the size of Pluto. But to know its actual size, we had to go to Pluto by traveling around the world for seven, and a half million. So that we can see Pluto from nearer. But it was a concern to going to Pluto. Because it was absolutely necessary to maintain the timing, scale, and speed. In the meantime, if we were a bit upside down, we would have lost our target. Then, in 1977, the Voyager's mission was able to show off our solar system gas giant but Pluto still remains behind. On January 19, 2006, NASA launched its New Horizons spacecraft, which was the first spacecraft sent for Pluto. Which after nine years and five months traveling seeing Pluto in 2015.

New Horizons was a specially designed spacecraft. To reach Pluto quickly, this spacecraft had to take Jupiter's help. Jupiter's Flakey provides a gravitational support to this spacecraft. For this speed of the spacecraft increased by more than 20%. And on January 15, 2015, New Horizons finally reached its goal, it was successful in reaching Pluto. But Pluto was not the last destination of New Horizons. Rather, it had to go towards Wiper Bolt. That is why scientists did not have much time for studying about Pluto. Yet in less time, New Horizons gave much information about Pluto. As a result, we got to know very well about Pluto. But many people do not know, the New Horizons Spacecraft that went to Pluto first, went with Pluto's founder Tombaugh’s body parts, which is the spacecraft bring to reach Pluto. That was a great honor for any Astronomer and for Clyde Tombaugh too. The person or Astronomy discovered the first Pluto, some parts of his body are now in Pluto.

But in 2005, there was another planet like Pluto that looked like a dwarf planet, which was away from Pluto. The size was 27% higher than Pluto. Which is named Eris. Its discoveries and mass media introduced it as the tenth planet, though it was never officially included in the list of planets or there was no discussion it. In such a situation, the need for determining which planet will be called a planet and which will be not. Previously there was no definite definition of the planet. So there was a debate over some planetary objects. To conclude this situation, the definition of the planet was determined by the international astronomical union IAU resolution in a conference on astronomers on 24 August 2006.

Under this condition, to make the object in the solar system:

1. If it is to be called a planet then first it will be the sun.

2. It must have enough mass to be rounded.

3. Its orbital will be different from other planets orbital. If the orbit of two objects is not isolated or one orbit moves inside the other, then the mass of the object will get the status of the planet.

The first two rules Pluto follow properly. But the 3rd rules do not follow by Pluto. Pluto failed to fulfill the third of these three conditions. Pluto's orbital is not unique, but it enters the room of Neptune during the rotation in its cell. This means that at one stage of orbital rotation it is closer to the sun than Neptune. And its location is before Neptune. But as Pluto's mass was much lower than the Neptune's mass, so Neptune deserve to call by a planet. Not Pluto. That’s why Pluto is now a dwarf planet. AIU further determines that other objects such as Pluto can only fulfill the conditions of the planet's definition of 1 and 2, and will be called the dwarf planet. On September 13, 2006, AIU includes Pluto, Eris and its satellites Dynamo in the list of minor planets and officially gave the status of minor planets. As a result, their names are respectively "(134340) Pluto", "(136199) Eris" and "(136199) Eros in dystonia". Many astronomers could not take this re-orientation of the planet simply. A few days ago Alan Stern, chief researcher of the new Horizon Mission, left for Pluto, those condition of the planet refused to accept. He said, "these conditions are painful for some strategic reasons." According to Stern's new conditions, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Neptune share their orbits with asteroids, so these planets should be excluded from the list. He said, all the big stars, including our moon, must be included in the same planets as well. He also said that only five percent of the entire world astronomer voted for these terms, so this decision does not represent the entire astronomical community. Mark w. bewy, who works in the Lowell Observatory, opposes these new terms through his website and issues a petition against this definition. But many others support the AIU's decision. Eris's inventor Mike Brown said in the context, "We have a lot of time left. In some way, the correct answer will be established. The science continues to amend itself." So the thing is four dwarf planets were found in our solar system. So Pluto has not dropped anymore, it has been caught in another category or the quality of Pluto has been reduced.

_{Photos are taken from pixabay.com}

Reference

• Is Pluto a Planet? New Paper Adds to Decade-Long Debate
• Icy dunes on Pluto: spacecraft reveals new details about planet’s surface
• Pluto wikipedia
• Why is Pluto no longer a planet?