The Universe Exists Because The Electron Is Not Round Enough?

If the electron is not round enough, the asymmetry of the positive and negative material problems may be solved.

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Subsequent to that big explosion of 13.8 billion years ago, matter made up every galaxy, every planet, and every life in the universe. Behind the origin of the universe, however, is a problem that has so far failed to be solved: according to current theories, the process of the Big Bang has created an equal mass of material and antimatter. When substances and their corresponding antimatter encounter, for example, electrons collide with positrons, annihilation occurs - matter disappears and energy remains.

If the electron is not round enough, the asymmetry of the positive and negative material problems may be solved.

If the electron is not round enough, the asymmetry of the positive and negative material problems may be solved.
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According to this theory, everything in the universe should disappear and the universe destroyed. However, when we stand here, there is bound to be some loophole throughout the process - in fact, about a billionth of a substance still survives today after the Big Bang.

In order to unravel the paradox of matter-antimatter, physicists believe there must be some unknown asymmetry between matter and antimatter. Previously, physicists made accurate measurements of the mass and charge properties of matter and antimatter, but never found any signs of asymmetry.

In 1967, when Andrey Sakharov studied the matter-antimatter asymmetry, he found a seemingly unrelated symmetry-time inversion symmetry. When it is destroyed, it is possible to ensure that there are more substances in the universe than antimatter. Breaking this symmetry may be an unexpected answer: the shape of the electron.

In many people's eyes, electrons are just a negatively charged geometric point; but for some physicists it is a cloud of size and shape - not an electron cloud around the atom, but the electron itself. The cloud of clouds consists of a series of positive and negative particles disappearing around the center of the electron, giving the shape of the electron.

Many physicists suspect that electrons are not perfect spheres, but are egg-shaped because of uneven charge distribution. Once the distribution of electrons is uneven, that is, there is electric dipole moment (EDM), the origin of the universe may have a far-reaching impact. According to the standard model theory, no matter the time goes forward or backward, the physical process will not change. The existence of electronic EDM, will be contrary to time inversion symmetry.

According to the current test results, if the electric dipole distance exists, the upper limit of distortion is about 10-27 mm.
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However, the measurement of electronic EDM is by no means easy. In order to measure the possible electronic EDM, one of the most notable means is to put the electrons into an electric field. If the EDM is present, the electrons will appear precession (the axis of rotation of which rotates under the influence of an electric field), at which point the scientists can infer the EDM from the precession period of the electrons. In practice, however, the magnitude of the electric field required to measure such a small amount of EDM exceeds that which can be produced by the laboratory, and a strong applied electric field can cause the electron to fly to the positive pole before it can be measured.

Therefore, researchers generally use the internal electric field of molecules and neutral atoms (ten times higher than laboratories can produce). In order to get a sufficiently strong signal, it is generally necessary to align a sufficient number of molecular / neutral atoms to the same state and then induce the precession of the outer electrons (or valence electrons). To this end, the researchers will be tested molecule / neutral atom particle beam into the measurement area. Particle beams can not be measured in the area for a long time, which greatly limits the measurement time. However, Harvard University and the ACME group at Yale University published important milestones in the 2014 Science journals following the injection of more than 25 million ThO molecules: Although EDM was not observed, This also shows that the upper limit of electronic EDM is 8.7 * 10-29 e · cm, which is the human limit. To continue to explore the existence of EDM, you need to further enhance the test sensitivity.

In a recent paper by Physical Review Letters, the Eric Cornell team at the JILA Institute at the University of Colorado Boulder has taken a different approach by not tethering the beam to hafnium tetrafluoride in a rotating electric field , So that the ions do not fly straight out of the measurement area, but rather fly out of the arc, giving the investigator longer observation time to increase the measurement sensitivity. In 2013, they increased the time taken to measure electronic precessions to 100 milliseconds, and in the newly released results last month they had raised this time to 700 milliseconds. Since EDM is still not measured, this means that the upper limit of EDM does not exceed 1.3 * 10-28 e · cm.

JILA Cornell group of experimental overview. Ionization with a rotating electric field - induced electron precession - laser dissociation to determine precession orientation.
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Cornell team currently measured the results have not exceeded the previous record. Cornell said there is room for improvement in their experiments because ions interfere with each other's spins, limiting the amount of ions that can be measured simultaneously.

In order to get better results, Cornell already started a new study in October. He trapped more ions, which "will increase the sensitivity by a factor of 10 in two years." He is also confident of increasing measurement time to 1 second or more. In order to improve the observation time, Cornell also plans in the future with more stable thorium fluoride test.

In the meantime, other research teams are also trying to measure electronic EDM through different means. Weiss of Penn State University plans to use lasers to bind cooled cesium atoms for a few seconds and hopes to increase the current record by a factor of 30. The 2013 record holder, a research team from Imperial College London, plans to boost its record by a factor of 1000 in five years. Hinds, the team's leader, said that if EDM was not found at this sensitivity, it would mean that many of the hypotheses predicting the existence of EDM would be declared ineffective.

So far, none of the experiments have shown that EDM has a non-zero value and these groups all want to break this record. It is foreseeable that physics will open a new chapter in the next few years or when news emerging from EDM will detonate the entire physics community, or EDM will not appear until the entire hypothesis collapses as sensitivity increases . In any case, our thinking and exploration will continue for the question "why the universe exists."

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References Used:

• https://www.livescience.com/41835-spinning-trap-measures-electron-shape.html
• https://physics.aps.org/articles/v10/111
• https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.153001

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