#科普#量子物理(10)

in #steempress5 years ago (edited)


图片来源:commons.wikimedia.org

柏拉图在《理想国》里写到过这么一个隐喻:在狭小的洞穴中,有一群人从小被困在里面,他们身不由己、没法转身地背对着洞口,就这样只能看到通过篝火照射到墙上的物体和动物的影子。于是这群人认为影子就是一种真实存在物体。

在他们的思想世界里,一相情愿地把影子当做无法触摸到的一个更高级的存在。这种想而上学的想法在很多宗教里都有体现。例如在我们的世界之上,再建立一个更高级更令人向往的世界。

十七世纪,笛卡尔的“我思故我在”表达了思考本身就是一个现实,不需要任何人证明,思考值得肯定。

十八世纪,大卫·休谟推进了这一观点:感觉是认知的唯一有效途径,现实只有通过感觉得到。所以实证一派认为在看不到杯子的时候,就没有把握说杯子存在。

伊曼努尔·康德对此也有过研究。他将现实和人的能力联系一起,他所认同的宇宙起源的说法是只可思考,但无法被认识。

二十世纪,爱因斯坦提出相对论。这让一直以来认为固定不变的事物有了变化,比如时间。根据观察者的所在的位置和状态发生变化。

量子物理带来了不确定性,事实不是唯一性的,是多种可能性在相同的时间和空间中并存的。我们的观察使它们塌缩,但无法选择结果。

那么现实究竟是什么呢?


Posted from Steem中文社区 : http://cnstm.org/blog/2019/11/08/%e7%a7%91%e6%99%ae%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%ef%bc%8810%ef%bc%89/


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