A Photograph may be likened to a frame in a film.

• When analysing a photograph, you will, therefore, use the same visual criteria as in analysing a film. These include composition, line, lighting, colour, camera shots, camera angles and focus.
  
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• The elements within the frame are carefully placed by the photographer.
• There is always a focal or main point.

Photograph
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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A 19th century black and white photograph of a woman with a flower
A photograph (also known as a photo) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see. The process and practice of creating such images are called photography. The word photograph was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς (phos), meaning "light", and γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light".[1] Many jurisdictions have laws prohibiting certain types of photographs which may include photos of government buildings,[2] copyrighted content,[3] private property, and child pornography.[4]

2. Pictures

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The study of a picture is similar to the study of a photograph, with the exception of the camera effects.

• Pictures may be analysed in terms of composition, line, colour, texture** and the use of light and shadow.
  
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• Perspective and depth are used to create an illusion of distance.
• The elements within the picture are carefully placed by the artist.
• There is always a focal or main point.

3. Cartoons

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A cartoon is usually a humorous, drawn picture of a situation.

Cartoons are used to express ideas or to draw attention to a situation or a well-known personality.
They often highlight a current social or political issue.

• Cartoons provide enjoyment but may also be vehicles for serious and even biting messages.
• The establish character and setting. Political or topical cartoons have to be seen in context against their particular backgrounds. Symbols e.g. political may often be used.
  
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• Cartoons may be purely pictorial, use 'bubble speech', or have a caption.
  Dialogue is used to reveal the author's thoughts and feelings.
• Each drawing is placed in a frame and may be presented as a single drawing or as a sequence of drawings.
• Humour may take the form of satire or parody to draw attention to a particular issue.

Source: EBH Joubert. Visual Literacy; Photographs

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