November 18
Events
- 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.
- 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.
- 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land.
- 1105 – Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV.
- 1180 – Phillip II becomes king of France.
- 1210 – Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV.
- 1282 – Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.
- 1302 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam, claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy.
- 1421 – A seawall at the Zuiderzee dike in the Netherlands breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people. This event will be known as St Elizabeth's flood.
- 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico.
Births
- 701 – Itzam K'an Ahk II, Mayan ruler (d. 757)
- 709 – Emperor Kōnin of Japan (d. 782)
- 1522 – Lamoral, Count of Egmont (d. 1568)
- 1571 – Hippolytus Guarinonius, Italian physician and polymath (d. 1654)
- 1576 – Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1612)
- 1630 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1686)
- 1647 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher and author (d. 1706)
- 1727 – Philibert Commerson, French physician and explorer (d. 1773)
- 1736 – Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, German harpsichord player and composer (d. 1800)
- 1756 – Thomas Burgess, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1837)
- 1772 – Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (d. 1806)
- 1774 – Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands (d. 1837)
Deaths
- 942 – Odo of Cluny, Frankish abbot and saint (b. c. 878)
- 953 – Liutgard of Saxony, duchess of Lorraine (b. 931)
- 1100 – Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York
- 1154 – Adelaide of Maurienne, French queen consort (b. 1092)
- 1170 – Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenburg (b. c. 1100)
- 1247 – Robin Hood, heroic outlaw in English folklore (b. 1160)
- 1259 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian
- 1305 – John II, duke of Brittany (b. 1239)
- 1313 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (b. 1290)
- 1441 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancer
- 1472 – Basilius Bessarion, titular patriarch of Constantinople (b. c. 1403)
- 1482 – Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 17th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Abhai of Hach (Syriac Orthodox Church)
- Dedication of Saints Peter and Paul
- Juthwara
- Mabyn (Roman Catholic Church and Anglicanism)
- The main day of the Feast of the Virgen de Chiquinquirá or Chinita's Fair (Maracaibo, Venezuela)
- Rose Philippine Duchesne
- November 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Day of Army and Victory (Haiti)
- Independence Day (Morocco), celebrates the independence of Morocco from France and Spain in 1956.
- Married To A Scorpio Support Day (Chase's Calendar of Events)
- National Apple Cider Day (United States)
- National Day (Oman)
- National Vichyssoise Day (United States)
- Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia celebrates the independence of Latvia from Russia in 1918.
- Remembrance Day of the Sacrifice of Vukovar in 1991 (Croatia)