Sumatran tigers

hallo steemit friends wherever you are, how are you?
hopefully you are all healthy and can see my post this.
This time I will explain a little about Sumatran tiger, how to explain it?
let's read below:

Sumatran tiger
Sumatran Tiger at Taronga Zoo
Conservation status

Critical (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammals
Order: Carnivores
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: P. tigris
Subspecies: P. t. sumatrae
Trinomial Name
Panthera tigris sumatrae
Pocock, 1929
P tigris sumatrae map1.png
The Sumatran tiger (Latin: Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a tiger subspecies whose original habitat on the island of Sumatra, is one of six tiger subspecies that survive to date and is included in critically endangered criteria of endangered species in the species red list. threatened by the IUCN World Conservation Agency. The wild population is estimated to be between 400-500 heads, especially those living in national parks in Sumatra. Recent genetic testing has shown a unique genetic marker, indicating that this subspecies can develop into separate species, if successfully maintained. [2]

The destruction of habitat is the biggest threat to the population today. Logging continues even in protected national parks. Recorded 66 Sumatran tigers were killed between 1998 and 2000.

Edit Characteristics

Sumatran tiger is the smallest tiger subspecies. [3] Sumatran tigers have the darkest color among all other tiger subspecies, the black pattern is wide and the meeting distance is sometimes dempet. The male Sumatran tiger has an average length of 92 inches from head to tail or about 250 cm from head to foot weighing 300 kilograms or about 140 kg, while adult male height can reach 60 cm. The average female has a length of 78 inches or about 198 cm and weighs 200 kilograms or about 91 kg. Tiger dwarf tiger is thinner than other tiger subspecies. Sumatran tiger skin color is the darkest of all tigers, ranging from reddish yellow to dark orange. This subspecies also has more beards and manes than other subspecies, especially male tigers. Its small size makes it easy to explore the forest. There was a membrane on the sidelines of his finger that made them swim fast. This tiger is known to corner its prey to the water, especially if the game is slow to swim. The coat turns dark green when giving birth.Sumatran tiger is found only on the island of Sumatra. These big cats can live anywhere, from lowland forests to mountain forests, and live in many unprotected places. Only about 400 live in nature reserves and national parks, and the rest are scattered in other areas cut down for agriculture, there are also about 250 more kept in zoos around the world. Sumatran tigers are experiencing the threat of habitat loss because of their distribution areas such as lowland forest blocks, peatland and mountain rainforests threatened with forest clearing for agricultural land and commercial plantations, as well as encroachment by logging and road construction activities. As the habitat is narrowed and reduced, tigers are forced to enter areas closer to humans, and often they are killed and captured for straying into rural areas or by accidental encounters with humans.

Sumatran tiger food depends where it lives and how abundant its prey. As the main predators in the food chain, tigers preserve wild populations of prey under their control, so the balance between prey and vegetation they eat can be maintained. They have very keen sense of hearing and vision, which makes it a very efficient hunter. The Sumatran tiger is a solitary animal, and they hunt at night, staking their prey patiently before attacking from behind or sideways. They eat anything that can be caught, generally wild boar and deer, and sometimes poultry or fish. Orangutans can also be prey, they rarely spend time on the soil surface, and therefore rarely caught tigers. Sumatran tigers also love to eat durian.

In certain circumstances the Sumatran tiger also preys on various prey alternatives such as deer (Muntiacus muntjac), mouse deer (Tragulus sp), macaca nemestrina), hedgehog (Hystrix brachyura), pangolin (Manis javanica), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), and kuau king (Argusianus argus) [4]

Sumatran tigers are also able to swim and climb trees while hunting prey. The extent of the Sumatran tiger hunting ground is not well known, but it is estimated that 4-5 tigers of the Sumatran tigers require a 100 km range of roaming in lowland areas with optimal numbers of hunted animals (not hunted by humans).Reproduction Edit

Sumatran tiger can breed anytime. The pregnancy period is about 103 days. Usually the female tiger gives birth to 2 or 3 tiger cubs at once, and at most 6 tails. The eyes of the new tiger child are open on the tenth day, although the tiger child in the zoo is recorded with open eyes. Tiger children only drink their mother's milk for the first 8 weeks. After that they can try solid foods, but they still suckle for 5 or 6 months. The cubs first leave the nest at the age of 2 weeks, and learn to hunt at the age of 6 months. They can hunt alone at the age of 18 months, and by the age of 2 years the tiger can stand alone. Sumatran tiger can live for 15 years in the wild, and 20 years in captivity.
Trading of tiger body parts in Indonesia is currently increasingly alarming. The discovery of the tiger trade was reflected in the Profauna Indonesia survey supported by the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) in July - October 2008. During the 4 months Profauna visited 21 cities / locations in Sumatra and Jakarta.

Of the 21 cities visited by Profauna, 10 cities were found to be trading in tiger body parts (48%). Traded tiger parts of the body include skin, whiskers, claws, or intact offshoots.

Prices of tiger body parts are sold vary. For the whole sold for Rp. 5 million per sheet up to 25 million per sheet. While tiger fangs are offered for Rp. 400,000 to Rp. 1.1 million.

Most of the tiger's body parts are sold in art shops, precious stones sellers, and traditional drug sellers. To trade the tiger's body parts is most prevalent in Lampung.

Deforestation and forest degradation on the immense island of Sumatra will threaten biodiversity. Deforestation and degradation will lead to forest loss or fragmentation of forest into small and separate parts. Forest conversion is widely used for plantations, industrial plantations, settlements, industry, etc. The Eyes on the Forest (2008) investigation reports that the 45 km logging roads by Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) along the peatland forest in Senepis Riau Province resulted in the depletion of forest area and triggered the increase of human-tiger conflict in the region. Habitat destruction and hunting of prey animals have been identified as a major factor causing dramatic tiger drop in Asia [5]

The existence of the Sumatran tiger is now a polemic of its own because it causes conflict between humans and tigers. The destruction of the natural habitat of Sumatran tigers causes these animals to be excluded from their natural habitat, causing disruption to humans. Sumatran tiger attacks against humans and farm animals have been frequent. Sumatran tiger attacks that killed 3 head of cattle occurred in Talang Kebun Village Lubuk Sandi District Seluma Province, Bengkulu Province [6]. Meanwhile, in the last two years in West Sumatera Province recorded 26 cases of tiger conflict with humans, as many as 16 cases of human life and the rest ate prey on community livestock. [7]

The trading of tiger body parts has been reported by Profauna to the Ministry of Forestry through the Director General of PHKA in April 2009, in the hope that the government can take firm steps to overcome the trade of endangered protected species. Some concrete actions have been taken by the government to combat trafficking of tiger parts in Jakarta.Law enforcement Edit

On August 7, 2009, the Rapid Response Polhut Unit and the Sumdaling Unit of Metro Jaya Police succeeded in rolling up a leather tiger trade syndicate in Jakarta. In addition to securing 2 skins of intact Sumatran tiger, the police also confiscated 6 preserved birds of paradise, 2 skins of forest cats, 12 heads of deer deer, 1 surili, 5 deer skulls, 1 bear head and 1 deer sambar skin. The rare animal trade syndicate is also suspected to involve a number of zoos in Java and Sumatra.

The disclosure of the tiger trade syndicate and other endangered species in Jakarta proves that Profauna's report on tiger trade is a fact. The fact is like the iceberg phenomenon, only visible on the surface only. The fact is believed to be much larger than that already terdektesi.
Tiger protection Edit

Trading the tiger's body parts in Indonesia is a criminal act, as it violates Law number 5 of 1990 on the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and its Ecosystem. Based on Article 21 of Law No. 5 of 1990 points (d) that "Everyone is prohibited to trade, store or possess, skin, body or other parts of protected animals or goods made from parts of the animal or removing it from somewhere in Indonesia to another place inside or outside Indonesia ". Violators of these provisions may be subject to criminal sanctions in the form of a maximum imprisonment of 5 years and a maximum fine of 100 million.

Restoring and increasing the Sumatran tiger population and its landscape recovered. In-situ conservation efforts are the main program of Sumatran tiger conservation by restoring tiger populations and their natural habitat. Some of the activities undertaken include:

Establish communication and partnership networks to enhance conservation cooperation at all levels, locally, nationally, and internationally. Develop an integrated and intensive monitoring between government, non-government agencies, and communities on conservation activities. In addition, education and awareness raising in an integrated and sustainable manner on the importance of Sumatran tiger conservation. Developing sustainable financing mechanisms to support Sumatran tiger conservation activities.

Improve human resource capacity by implementing various capacity building programs for Sumatran tiger conservation teams, managed by government, non-government organizations, and communities. Strengthen the infrastructure of agencies implementing and monitoring tiger conservation. In addition, the preparation of conservation management plans for each Sumatran tiger landscape is in accordance with the characteristics and potentials in the field. Develop an integrated information center on Sumatran tiger conservation that is widely accessible to the public.

Establish and enhance connectivity between major Sumatran tiger habitats through the development of corridors in order to expand the area for Sumatran tigers to explore. Because the Sumatran tiger requires a large territory (territory) to get sufficient mengsa. All potential habitat and distribution of Sumatran tiger needs to be included as the main consideration in the park zonation planning process. Fostering the genetic richness of Sumatran tiger population units, especially in critical habitats to avoid genetic erosion through the development of population restocking and translocation. Develop conflict mitigation management efforts to save troubled tigers with relocation, translocation, and establishment of natural release areas. Improve the monitoring program on Sumatran tiger population, ecology and habitat by strengthening the legal basis and capacity of the authorized apparatus.