Complete Guide to Sugarcane Cultivation: Step by Step Process

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Hello steemian,
Today I will discuss with you about sugarcane cultivation methods. I hope you will benefit from it.Let's start our work step by step.

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Land selection and preparation:

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Fertile loam or clay loam soil is best suited for sugarcane cultivation. The land should be cleared of weeds and softened thoroughly by deep ploughing. The land is usually prepared by ploughing 3-4 times. Adequate organic manure should be mixed in the land so that the soil can retain its strength. The land I visited was planted on the side of a house instead of ploughing the land there to earn extra income.

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Seed selection and cutting preparation:

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Sugarcane stems are used as sugarcane seeds. 2-3 setts with buds are selected from each stem. Disease-free, thick and healthy sugarcane is best used as seeds. Before sowing, dipping the cuttings in fungicide or insecticide reduces the attack of diseases. For example, mixing 20 grams of carbandazim powder in 20 meters of water and washing the cuttings in it. This suppresses 90% of the fungus.

Sowing process:

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Rows are made in the field at a distance of 75-90 cm and sugarcane cuttings are laid in them. Then they are covered with soil. It is necessary to leave sufficient space between the rows, so that later maintenance is easy. If the light enters the empty space, insect attacks are reduced and fungal attacks are not caused. Therefore, it is important to plant the cuttings at the right distance.

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Fertilization and irrigation:

Sugarcane is a long-term crop, so regular fertilization is essential. (Special note: Fertilizer should be applied sparingly.) Manure should be applied during land preparation and urea, TSP and MOP fertilizers should be applied at different stages of cultivation. Sugarcane likes adequate moisture, so irrigation should be given every 15-20 days. However, excess water should not be allowed to accumulate. Excess water destroys the roots of sugarcane.The amount of fertilizer is given below.

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Fertilizer / Nutrient	Quantity per Hectare	Time & Method of Application
Farmyard Manure (FYM)	10–15 tons	Apply during land preparation, mix with soil
Urea (N)	275–300 kg	In 3 splits: (1) 40 days after planting, (2) 90 days after planting, (3) 120 days after planting
TSP (P₂O₅)	250 kg	Apply at the time of land preparation
MOP (K₂O)	150–200 kg	Apply in 3 splits along with urea
Gypsum (CaSO₄)	100 kg	Mix with soil at planting time
Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO₄)	10–12 kg	Apply during land

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Weed control and care

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Sugarcane land needs to be regularly cleared of weeds. When the plants grow, the soil needs to be removed from the base, which is called mulching. This makes the sugarcane hard and does not break in the wind. In addition, necessary pesticides need to be used to prevent insects and diseases. If the weeds are too large, glyphosate group herbicides should be sprayed in the open area.

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Harvesting

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Sugarcane usually matures in 10–12 months. It is the right time to harvest when the leaves turn yellow and the stalks become hard. The sugarcane is harvested by cutting the stalks from the base with sharp scissors or shears. Later, it is neatly packed for marketing. It is best to ripen at the right time to get a fair price.

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